观点:AI 泡沫破裂,比特币等风险资产才是最先被冲击的

marsbitPublished on 2026-06-30Last updated on 2026-06-30

Abstract

国际清算银行警告,五大科技巨头计划在2025-2026年间投入超过1万亿美元用于AI基础设施建设。该机构指出,若巨额投资未能带来预期回报,可能导致融资环境突然紧缩,进而冲击金融市场。这种压力可能首先波及比特币等高风险资产,因为流动性收紧时,投资者倾向于先抛售这类资产。 尽管长期来看,若央行因此采取宽松政策,或对比特币等加密货币有利,但短期内市场可能面临抛售风险。报告强调,当前AI投资热潮的规模与历史科技泡沫有相似之处,存在过度投资和产能过剩的风险。若AI需求不及预期,将引发科技股下跌、信贷利差扩大等一系列连锁反应,进而影响更广泛的经济和金融体系。 因此,比特币交易员需警惕,在AI相关风险引发的市场动荡中,比特币可能先表现为风险资产而下跌,其长期的对冲属性能否显现,将取决于后续政策走向。

作者:CryptoSlate

编译:深潮 TechFlow

深潮导读:国际清算银行警告,五大科技巨头在 2025-2026 年将砸 1 万亿美元搞 AI 基建,如果投资回报不及预期,融资紧缩可能率先冲击比特币等风险资产。虽然长期来看宽松政策可能利好比特币,但交易员得先扛过这轮抛售。

过去一年,人工智能交易已经成为支撑全球风险偏好的主要支柱之一。

但现在,国际清算银行正在发出警告:如果预期回报无法兑现,这场支出热潮可能反过来成为金融压力的源头。

这家总部位于巴塞尔、为各国央行提供建议的机构在年度经济报告中指出,五大云计算巨头在 2025 和 2026 年的 AI 相关资本支出将超过 1 万亿美元。

国际清算银行表示,如此大规模的投资引发了一个问题:在商业模式被充分验证之前,企业是否投入了过多资本。

国际清算银行称:

"回报不及预期可能引发融资的突然撤退,将资本支出热潮转变为旷日持久的投资萧条,并对金融状况产生连锁反应。"

对比特币交易员来说,这个警告的影响远不止硅谷的芯片和数据中心竞赛。

AI 支出的急剧逆转可能会收紧股票和信贷市场的流动性,迫使加密货币面临一个艰难考验:在抛售中,比特币会首先表现为另一种风险资产,还是在冲击过后,其长期货币论述会重新获得力量。

AI 支出热潮引发央行关注

作为央行论坛的国际清算银行在年度经济报告中警告称,争夺人工智能主导地位的竞赛可能正在将投资推向未来回报无法支撑的水平。

国际清算银行表示:

"如果供应瓶颈限制生产,当前资本支出激增可能无法持续。激烈的市场领导地位竞争可能进一步助长过度投资,就像之前的创新浪潮中看到的那样,如果 AI 回报令人失望,急剧逆转的风险就会增加。"

问题不在于 AI 缺乏经济潜力。国际清算银行表示,这项技术最终可能以不同于早期自动化和软件开发浪潮的方式提升生产力。如果 AI 系统能够自我改进并帮助产生新想法,长期宏观经济影响可能会很显著。

但近期的金融风险不同。像谷歌、OpenAI 和 Anthropic 这样的公司在不清楚支出能产生多少收入、这些收入能持续多久,以及 AI 背后的基础设施多快会过时的情况下,就投入了巨额资金。

实际上,最大的科技公司已经在芯片、云容量、数据中心、电力供应和网络设备上砸钱,争夺用户和市场份额。

这场竞赛的规模帮助巩固了投资者对科技股的信心,同时也提振了与 AI 建设相关的供应商和基础设施公司的需求。

但国际清算银行警告称,激烈竞争本身会制造脆弱性。如果每个主要玩家都为避免落后而大举支出,整个行业最终可能出现产能过剩、回报降低,以及一旦乐观情绪消退就难以维持的融资结构。

这种动态以前出现过。国际清算银行指出了早期与运河、铁路、电气化和互联网相关的投资热潮。

虽然每项技术后来都改变了经济,但它们也产生了投资者融资过快过多的时期,最终导致痛苦的逆转。

有鉴于此,国际清算银行总结道:

"当前 AI 投资热潮的规模和速度,伴随着对生产力大幅提升的预期,与这些先例相似,凸显了近期的潜在下行风险。"

雪上加霜的是严重的物理瓶颈。对计算能力的贪婪需求正在拉紧先进半导体、电网设备和原始电力的供应。

根据国际清算银行的说法,这种飙升的需求已经在推高电价,有可能渗透到更广泛的通胀指标中——而此时中东的地缘政治冲突已经独立地给全球供应链带来了压力。

股市涨势下信贷风险积聚

与此同时,国际清算银行的担忧远不止简单的股市调整,而是 AI 冲击可能如何影响更广泛的金融系统。

虽然 AI 发展的早期阶段主要由硅谷巨头的庞大现金储备提供资金,但目前万亿美元规模的投资需要更多依赖债务和日益不透明的融资结构。

国际清算银行指出,AI 基础设施现在跨越企业债务市场、私人信贷、租赁融资、数据中心建设、能源合同和供应商协议。

芯片制造商、云提供商、AI 实验室和数据中心运营商通过股权投资、采购承诺和长期容量交易日益紧密地联系在一起。

事实上,专注于比特币的金融服务公司 Onramp Bitcoin 最近指出:

"一张重叠承诺的网络现在将 AI 建设绑定成一个大约 1 万亿美元的循环:英伟达投资 OpenAI 等 AI 实验室,实验室从甲骨文和 CoreWeave 租用云容量,而这些云服务商又购买英伟达芯片。同一美元可以同时被记为投资、资金、收入和销售,所以标题数字不再像看起来那样有意义。"

国际清算银行警告称,这些安排会让风险更难看清,并指出这张债权网络建立在对未来需求的预期之上。如果 AI 采用持续加速,这个结构可以自我强化。

但如果需求令人失望,压力可能会在链条中回传。

这将导致供应商可能失去订单,数据中心开发商可能难以填满容量的局面。

同时,私人信贷基金可能面临与软件、基础设施或科技借款人相关贷款的压力。银行可能发现它们对私人信贷和非银行金融的敞口比表面数字更复杂。

这就是为什么国际清算银行的警告超出了科技股范围。AI 相关股票下跌会直接伤害投资者。对 AI 融资的更广泛重估可能会收紧依赖同一融资环境的公司的信贷条件。

信用利差一直保持相对窄幅,反映出投资者相信借款人能够继续偿还债务。

股权风险的急剧重新定价可能迅速改变这一点。一旦贷方要求更多风险补偿,较弱的借款人就会面临更高的再融资成本、资本获取减少以及削减投资的压力。

这就是 AI 失望可能演变成宏观事件的路径。

比特币的第一反应可能是防御性的

在这种经济冲击中,比特币的角色会很复杂,因为这种资产的支持者经常将其描述为对抗货币贬值、财政压力和金融系统脆弱性的对冲工具。它的供应是固定的,没有企业发行方,也不依赖公司的盈利或债务偿还时间表。

如果 AI 信贷崩盘最终迫使政策制定者放松金融条件,这些特性可能会变得更有吸引力。但在广泛抛售的早期阶段,比特币可能会面临与其他风险资产相同的压力。

当流动性收紧时,投资者通常首先出售流动性头寸。比特币连续交易,可以快速卖出,并且被许多同时持有股票、交易所交易产品、衍生品和其他高贝塔资产的投资者持有。这使它在投资组合去风险化时变得脆弱。

最近的市场行为支持这一担忧。CryptoSlate 最近报道称,上周韩国基准 KOSPI 股指暴跌近 10%后,比特币跌破 63000 美元。

这次下跌表明,流动性状况、杠杆和风险偏好在很长时间内可以压倒稀缺性叙事。

由 AI 引发的市场冲击可能遵循类似序列。与建设相关的科技股可能首先下跌。随着投资者重新评估与数据中心、供应商和私人融资工具相关的债务,信用利差可能会扩大。面临亏损或保证金压力的基金可能随后削减加密货币和其他流动资产的头寸。

在那个阶段,比特币不需要与 AI 基础设施有直接联系就会受到影响。它只需要成为同一风险预算的一部分。

流动性问题接踵而至

但第二阶段取决于政府对随之而来的市场灾难的反应。

如果 AI 投资的逆转仍局限于一小群科技公司,损害可能保持有限。股票会重新定价,供应商会调整,投资者会重新评估估值,而不会迫使货币政策发生重大转变。

但国际清算银行标记的风险是,支出热潮已经大到足以影响更广泛的金融系统。

这表明 AI 资本支出的重大回落可能同时打击企业投资、就业、家庭财富和信贷可得性。如果通胀仍然高企,央行感觉无法快速降息,这些压力可能会变得更加严重。

这为风险资产创造了一个困难的局面。较高的通胀可能使政策在投资疲软的同时保持紧缩。更紧的信贷可能暴露私人市场的杠杆。股价下跌可能减少家庭财富并拖慢消费。每个渠道都可能相互加强。

对比特币来说,政策路径至关重要。当流动性扩张、实际利率下降,投资者预期央行支持市场时,这种资产通常表现最佳。最终带来更宽松货币的信贷冲击可能重启那种交易。

BitMEX 联合创始人 Arthur Hayes 认为,如果当局以重新创造流动性作为回应,投资者从债务沉重的金融结构中转移出来,AI 崩盘可能帮助推动比特币大幅上涨。

这种观点仍然是推测性的,但它抓住了为什么一些加密交易员将 AI 资本支出和信贷市场视为下一个比特币周期潜在驱动因素的原因。

但时机不确定。因此,押注最终流动性反应的交易员可能仍然必须忍受之前的回撤。

过去 24 小时比特币上涨 2.28%,目前按市值排名第一。

更广泛的市场现状

目前,加密货币总市值为 2.09 万亿美元,24 小时交易量为 814.5 亿美元。比特币主导地位为 57.97%。

两年来,买入更多比特币足以推高国库股价。Strategy 的 BTC Yield 现在正在下滑,Metaplanet 的市值低于其持币价值,欧洲新进入者正在要求投资者以无人定价的条件为其提供资金。

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Related Questions

Q国际清算银行在年度经济报告中就AI资本支出热潮发出了怎样的警告?

A国际清算银行警告称,五大科技巨头在2025-2026年将投入超过1万亿美元进行AI基础设施建设,如果投资回报不及预期,可能导致融资突然收紧。这种资本支出热潮可能转变为旷日持久的投资萧条,对更广泛的金融状况产生连锁反应。

Q根据国际清算银行的报告,当前AI投资热潮与历史上有哪些相似之处?

A国际清算银行指出,当前AI投资热潮的规模、速度以及对生产力大幅提升的预期,与历史上的运河、铁路、电气化和互联网等技术创新引发的投资浪潮相似。这些先例都曾出现投资者融资过快过多,最终导致痛苦的市场逆转,因此AI热潮也凸显了近期的潜在下行风险。

Q为什么AI相关的信贷风险可能会蔓延到整个金融系统?

A原因在于AI基础设施的融资结构日益复杂且不透明,跨越了企业债、私人信贷、租赁融资等多个领域,并形成了相互关联的承诺网络。一旦未来AI需求令人失望,压力可能会在这张债权网络中传导,导致供应商订单减少、数据中心闲置,进而影响私人信贷基金和银行的资产质量,从而收紧整个市场的信贷条件。

Q在AI引发的市场冲击初期,比特币的价格行为预计会如何表现?为什么?

A在冲击的早期阶段,比特币的价格可能会与其他风险资产一同下跌。这是因为在市场流动性收紧、投资者去风险化的过程中,他们通常会首先抛售比特币这类流动性高、可快速变现的资产。比特币被许多同时持有股票等传统资产的投资者所持有,因此在广泛的投资组合调整中容易受到连带抛售的压力。

Q文章提到,AI资本支出热潮的逆转可能对比特币产生哪两种阶段性的不同影响?

A第一阶段,如果AI投资回报不及预期引发市场抛售和信贷紧缩,比特币可能作为风险资产首先受到冲击而价格下跌。第二阶段,如果冲击足够严重,迫使政府和央行采取宽松的货币政策(如降息、注入流动性)来应对,那么从长期来看,比特币作为对抗货币贬值和金融系统脆弱性的资产,其价值叙事可能重新获得力量,从而可能迎来上涨。

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While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

531 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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