AI 造富,以创纪录的速度

深潮Опубликовано 2025-08-11Обновлено 2025-08-12

「回顾过去 100 年的数据,我们从未见过如此规模和速度的财富创造,这是史无前例的。」

撰文:李笑寅

人工智能正在以前所未有的速度和规模创造财富,催生出一批全新的亿万富翁。

据 CB Insights 数据,目前全球共有 498 家估值超过 10 亿美元的 AI「独角兽」公司,总价值达 2.7 万亿美元,其中有 100 家成立于 2023 年及以后,估值超过 1 亿美元的公司已超过 1300 家。

这场财富盛宴的核心,是 AI 初创公司惊人的融资能力与不断飙升的估值。Anthropic 正在洽谈以 1700 亿美元估值融资 50 亿美元,较 3 月份估值增长近两倍。离开 OpenAI 的前首席技术官 Mira Murati 创立的 Thinking Machines Lab 在 7 月完成 20 亿美元种子轮融资,创下史上最大种子轮纪录。

这一轮财富创造不仅局限于初创企业,包括英伟达、Meta 和微软在内的上市科技巨头股价飙升,以及数据中心等基础设施公司的蓬勃发展,共同构成了此次 AI 财富大爆炸的全景。

麻省理工学院首席研究员 Andrew McAfee 表示:

「回顾过去 100 年的数据,我们从未见过如此规模和速度的财富创造,这是史无前例的。」

新晋亿万富翁群体快速涌现

今年的重磅融资轮次正在批量制造新的亿万富翁。据彭博 3 月时的估计,四家最大的私人 AI 公司已创造出至少 15 名亿万富翁,总净资产达 380 亿美元。此后又有十多家独角兽公司诞生。

据媒体援引知情人士消息,Anthropic AI 的 CEO Dario Amodei 及其六位联合创始人,现在很可能都是数十亿美元身家的富豪。此外,Anysphere 在 6 月融资时估值 99 亿美元,几周后据报道获得 180 亿至 200 亿美元的估值报价,这很可能让其 25 岁的创始人兼 CEO Michael Truell 成为亿万富翁。

值得注意的是,当前大部分 AI 财富仍以「纸上富贵」的形式存在于未上市的公司中,这使得创始人和股权持有者难以立即套现。

与 1990 年代末大量公司涌向 IPO 的互联网泡沫时期不同,如今的 AI 初创企业能够在风险投资、主权财富基金、家族办公室和其他科技投资者的持续注资下,保持更长时间的私有状态。

尽管 IPO 渠道收窄,但 AI 新贵们并非没有将纸面财富转化为流动性的途径。二级市场的快速发展为他们提供了出售股权的机会,结构化的二次出售或要约收购正变得越来越普遍。

OpenAI 正在进行的二次售股谈判就是一个典型例子,旨在为员工提供现金。此外,许多创始人也可以通过股权质押进行借款。

并购是另一个重要的流动性事件。据 CB Insights 统计,自 2023 年以来,AI 领域已发生 73 起流动性事件,包括并购、IPO、反向并购或企业多数股权收购。

例如,在 Meta 向 Scale AI 投资 143 亿美元后,其创始人 Alexandr Wang 加入了 Meta 的 AI 团队。而 Scale AI 的联合创始人 Lucy Guo 在 2018 年离开公司后,也凭借其股权财富,斥资约 3000 万美元在洛杉矶好莱坞山购置了一处豪宅。

财富创造高度集中于湾区

这轮 AI 热潮在地理分布上高度集中于旧金山湾区,让人联想起互联网时代的硅谷。

根据硅谷区域研究所的数据,去年硅谷公司获得了超过 350 亿美元的风险投资。另据 New World Wealth 和 Henley & Partners 的报告,旧金山如今的亿万富翁数量已达 82 人,超过了纽约的 66 人。过去十年,湾区的百万富翁人口翻了一番,而纽约的增幅为 45%。

财富的涌入直接提振了当地经济。据苏富比国际地产数据,去年旧金山售价超过 2000 万美元的房屋数量创历史新高。这座几年前还面临「厄运循环」的城市,现在因 AI 驱动的需求出现了房租、房价和需求的大幅上涨。

McAfee 表示:

「这波 AI 浪潮在地理上如此集中令人震惊。那些知道如何创立、资助和发展科技公司的人都在那里。25 年来我一直听到有人说『这是硅谷的末日』或某个地方是『新硅谷』,但硅谷仍然是硅谷。」

财富管理行业面临新机遇与挑战

随着时间的推移和未来可能的 IPO,今天这些私营 AI 公司创造的巨额财富终将变得更具流动性,为财富管理行业带来历史性的机遇。

据科技顾问向媒体透露,所有主流的私人银行、大型券商和精品投行都在积极接触 AI 精英,希望赢得他们的业务。

然而,服务这批新贵并非易事。Pathstone 的执行董事总经理 Simon Krinsky 指出,大部分 AI 财富仍被锁定在非流动性的私人公司股权中。他认为,与过去在 Meta 或谷歌等大型上市公司工作的员工相比,新 AI 富豪财富的非流动性比例要高得多。

Krinsky 预计,AI 富豪们将遵循 1990 年代互联网新贵的类似行为模式:最初利用过剩流动性投资于通过人脉了解的类似科技公司,在经历高度波动和投机行业的集中风险后,最终转向专业财富管理服务寻求多元化和专业保护。

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