消失的Strategy溢价

比推Published on 2025-11-15Last updated on 2025-11-15

随着比特币价格跌至94,000美元附近,市场情绪随之波动。除了比特币本身,受到冲击最大的当属一直以"企业版比特币ETF"著称的Strategy Inc.(原MicroStrategy)。

这家公司的股价在周五下跌4.2%,收于199.75美元,较六个月前的高点已经腰斩。更值得关注的是,其市值与持有的比特币价值之间的关系正在发生变化。

根据最新披露,截至11月10日,公司持有641,692枚比特币,按当前价格计算价值约610亿美元。然而,Strategy的市值如今已跌破600亿美元,不仅远低于去年11月800亿美元的峰值,也较今年7月的700亿美元显著缩水。

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这一变化似乎表明,市场正在用新的眼光审视这家"比特币概念股"的投资价值。

投行Monness, Crespi, Hardt近日已将Strategy股票评级从"卖出"上调至"中性",理由是其相对于比特币持仓的溢价已缩小,下行压力减弱。研究机构指出,Strategy市值相对于其比特币持仓的溢价已显著下降。

溢价为何「消失」?

Strategy 的估值长期高于比特币持仓价值,并非因为公司本身具备盈利优势,而是因为其曾填补了一个金融市场的结构性空白——在比特币 ETF 尚未获批的年代,它是机构获得 BTC 敞口的可交易标的。

这一“替代品价值”曾带来显著溢价,但随着 ETF 全球范围内的加速普及,溢价的基础正在被迅速削弱。

ETF 提供了更直接、更透明、更低成本的比特币敞口,对多数投资者而言,“企业包装的比特币”开始不如“纯粹的比特币”更具吸引力,市场已经不再愿意为“企业持有比特币”单独付费。

ByteTree 的分析明确指出,过去 Strategy 获得的估值溢价主要来源于 ETF 缺失,如今这一因素消失,估值自然回到更接近资产本身的层面。

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投资者的担忧还有来自 Strategy 持续扩张的资本结构。

Strategy 的金融结构复杂、融资成本上升、资本结构不断扩张,逐渐成为溢价收缩的主要原因。

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该公司近年来依靠可转债、优先股与 ATM 增发不断筹资买入比特币,而这些融资手段在当前市场环境中正面临压力。11 月 7 日,公司发行了 775 万股欧元计价优先股,年息 10%,这一融资成本已显著高于往年。
随着优先股、可转债及其他结构性工具价格走低,公司未来的筹资能力将进一步受限。

与此同时,现金流压力亦不容忽视。彭博社数据估算显示,Strategy 每年为维持比特币储备需支付超6.89亿美元(利息、运营等成本)。在风险偏好下降、融资成本提升的背景下,这类现金流可能越来越多地需由普通股股东承担。

这种局面形成了一个典型的负反馈:
估值回落 → 融资能力下降 → 现金流压力上升 → 市场进一步下调估值。

在溢价支撑更弱的阶段,这个循环更容易被市场放大。

在更加激进的观点中,投资人 Dr. Julian Hosp (@julianhosp)指出,按他采用的普通股口径(basic market cap),Strategy 的 basic mNAV 已降至约 0.94,市场给予普通股股东的估值已低于其对应的比特币价值。

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这一数据与官网披露的 1.2 倍 mNAV 并不矛盾,二者口径不同:

  • basic mNAV:普通股市值 ÷ 比特币价值,衡量普通股是否仍享有溢价;

  • diluted mNAV:完全稀释市值 ÷ 比特币价值,衡量整个资本结构的风险承受能力。

因此,basic mNAV 下行,本质上是市场在对普通股股东的风险溢价进行重新定价。

Hosp 基于这一变化提出的一系列推演虽然偏向悲观,但指出了同一问题——当 basic mNAV 下行、融资环境收紧时,企业资产负债表背后的金融工程会变得更难维持。

不过,BitMEX Research 则认为,若从企业价值(EV)(市值MCap + 债务)角度衡量,即便市值逼近比特币持仓,Strategy 的整体资本结构(包括可转债与优先股)仍使其 EV 高于 BTC NAV。这意味着公司整体层面仍维持溢价,并未达到真正“折价”的区域。

值得注意的是,无论观点激进与否,各方都在指向同一趋势:
过去 Strategy 依赖情绪与叙事的估值结构正在被拆解,市场正在以一种更接近传统金融的方式重新考察其风险。

不止 Strategy,整个 DAT 模式进入新阶段

作为企业加密资产模式(DAT)的典型代表,Strategy的估值波动向来被视为行业的重要风向标。

近期,不仅Strategy经历了深度回调,整个DAT板块也出现明显分化,显示出市场正在重新评估这一商业模式的价值。

从具体表现来看,DAT概念股走势呈现两极分化:Metaplanet与SharpLink从年内高点暴跌近80%-90%,而Galaxy Digital却逆势上涨,保持73.4%的年内涨幅。这种鲜明对比反映出市场正在对DAT企业进行严格筛选,那些持有高风险代币的多资产DAT公司承受着更大的抛售压力。

CEX.IO总监Yaroslav Patsira对此评论道:"当DAT股票交易价格低于其持有的加密资产价值时,意味着市场已经不再为单纯的资产积累买单。"

Gomining Institutional董事总经理Fakhul Miah也持相似观点:"本轮周期投资者将更加挑剔,他们会优先选择那些运作透明、结构规范的比特币储备公司。"

尽管面临挑战,DAT股票作为加密领域的高贝塔资产,仍然具备在牛市中最先反弹的特性。不过,市场对DAT模式的最终认可,将取决于这些公司能否超越单纯的持币策略,真正建立起具有持续竞争力的商业生态和盈利能力。这不仅代表着投资逻辑的进化,更是DAT模式从概念走向成熟的关键一步。

作者:Seed.eth


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说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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