拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-11Last updated on 2024-04-11

Abstract

目前比特币市场上的投资者行为模式正明显转变。

原文作者:Chloe,PANews

比特币的价格在 3 月 14 日突破了历史新高(ATH)写在 73, 750.07 美元,成为目前市场的重要转折点,也标志着比特币价格进入了一个新的未知区域,即“价格发现”阶段。Galaxy Digital 创办人兼 CEO Michael Novogratz 对此表示,当前市场已经吸纳了不少新投资者加入。

市场流动性上涨

Glassnode 近期撰文指出,在现阶段市场价格促使大量供应被用于套现并获利,这导致卖出的比特币被重新估值,通常从一个较低的成本变为更高的成本。也就是当这些比特币换手时,我们也可以将其视为对该资产类别注入新的需求和流动性。这一机制通过实现市值指标被凸显出来,该指标追踪了累积的美元流动性“储存在”资产类别中。而目前实现市值现已达到新的历史最高值 5400 亿美元,并以前所未有的速度,每月增长超过 790 亿美元。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

如果我们仅考虑持币时间不超过 3 个月的持有者,可以看到近几个月的数量急剧增长,意味着最近几个月新加入比特币市场的投资者(即那些购买并持有比特币不超过三个月的人)现在控制了整个比特币总份额大约 44% 。这个比例的增加,直接反映了长期持有者在比特币价格较高时出售他们的比特币,以满足市场上新的需求波动。也说明了比特币市场财富分布的变化,以及新投资者对比特币网络总财富占比的显着增长。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

在过去的比特币周期中,新需求注入市场通常透露交易者对于投机的高涨兴趣,也往往造成市场波动幅度更大,这是过去比特币周期中宏观上升趋势的特征。

自 2023 年 10 月波动率触底(下图右下方)以来,连续 90 天实现的波动率几乎翻倍,从 28% 增至 55% ,这一期间凸显出实现市值流入开始加速增长。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

市场开始复苏

去年供应历史性紧缩之后(见下图黄色区),长期持有者(蓝色线)和短期持有者(红色线)的供应量间形成强烈的背离,长期持有者的供应量接近历史最高点,而短期持有者的供应量实际上处于历史最低水平,凸显了 BTC 供应的日益紧缩。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

而今日长期持有者和短期持有者的供应差异已开始缩小。随着价格上涨,投资者持有的未实现利润增加,进而吸引了长期持有者出售他们的持仓。

Glassnode 数据显示,自 2023 年 12 月达到 1491.6 万枚 BTC 的高峰以来,长期持有者的供应量减少了 90 万枚 BTC,显示了一个重要的市场转变。其中,GBTC 流出的比例约占此数的三分之一(约 -28.6 万枚 BTC)。

PANews 认为,这部分流出反映了从 GBTC 中资金的大量流出,这可能导致长期持有者增加市场供应,尤其是当他们选择将持有的 GBTC 换成比特币或现金时。这在一定程度上解释了为什么长期持有者供应量会出现显着减少,其中一部分原因就是 GBTC 的资金流出。

相对地,短期持有者的供应量增加了 112.1 万枚 BTC,吸收了来自长期持有者的卖出压力,并且通过交易所从二级市场额外获得了 12.1 万枚 BTC。这种供需动态变化凸显了市场结构的转变,以及不同类型投资者行为对比特币供应和价格的影响。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

针对以上资讯,可以总结出当市场达到新高点时,投资者的行为模式显然已经发生了改变。随着新的需求增加,长期持有者在更高的价位上卖出的压力似乎加快。虽然新批准的 ETF 成为市场结构中的一个重要新元素,但这些趋势在先前所有周期的链上数据中都有所体现。

接着 Glassnode 再进一步分析比特币价格超过 6 万美元的持有情况,从下图可以看到大约有 187.5 万枚比特币,占当前流通量的 9.5% ,都是在价格超过 6 万美元时被购买的。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

且由红色比例指出,大多数比特币目前被短期持有者所控制,这表明近期内,有相当一部分比特币是在高价位购入的。此外,大约 50.8 万枚比特币被持有在美国现货 ETF 中(不包括 GBTC),这也归于短期持有者,因为 ETF 投资者通常寻求短期利润,而不是长期持有。

我们还可以对应到下图活跃度指标,活跃度是衡量比特币供应中“持有时间”总体平衡的指标。如果活跃度持续上升(橘线),这意味着市场中被卖出的比特币数量(特别是那些长期不活跃的比特币)超过了新购入并被长期持有的比特币的数量。这个趋势表明,总体上,市场上更多的比特币被用于获利而不是被长期持有(HODL)。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

综合来看,市场当前状态很快有了结论,即比特币市场已经转变为一个主要以卖出和获利为主的阶段。PANews 认为这种转变反映了短期持有者在市场中的增加以及比特币交易行为的变化,特别是在价格高位时,这种行为模式的改变对于理解比特币市场的短期和长期趋势都非常关键。

指标拆解长期持有者和短期持有者的市场行为

在寻找供需平衡的过程中,了解长期持有者和短期持有者的行为对于捕捉市场趋势也很重要。根据 Glassnode 提供的链上指标,将带读者探讨如何藉由几项指标分析市场的应用与价值。

首先是“实现盈亏比率”,该指标主要用来发现市场转折点,也就是说,实现盈亏比率在对非线性的测量尺度上围绕 1 的平衡值波动,可以为我们提供了发现市场转折点的理想工具。特别是在市场上升趋势中,当实现的亏损急剧增加时,这可能表示那些在顶部购入的买家开始恐慌性卖出,暗示市场可能正在达到一个转折点。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

我们从短期持有者开始分析,可以看到他们的盈亏比维持在一个盈利主导的范畴内,这表示他们盈利的情况大约是亏损的 50 倍。这个盈亏比在 1.0 的平衡水平上来回,显示在市场价格回调时,投资者通常能够吸收盈利,并且在价格下跌时保持他们的投资成本,避免亏损。

简单来说,当这个比率在 1 以上时,就表示短期持有者卖出比特币所获得的盈利大于于亏损。如果这个比率很高,比如说远远超过 1 ,这就意味着市场上盈利的人比亏损的人多很多。

在上面那张图中,绿色的区域显示了盈利的情况占主导,而红色的区域则代表亏损的情况更为显着。通常来说,当比特币价格经历一个上升趋势之后回调,如果这个比率能保持在 1 以上,这通常被视为市场健康的标誌,表示即使在价格波动的情况下,多数人依然是在盈利的状态。

要更深入了解,我们可以将这个盈亏比与比特币的市场价格趋势对比,来观察市场情绪和可能的价格变动。比如,如果比特币价格创新高,而盈亏比同时下降,这可能暗示市场即将出现回调。相反,如果价格下跌而盈亏比上升,则可能表明市场即将反弹。

而下图图表我们可以看到,在市场价格回调期间,短期持有者实现的亏损有明显的高峰,我们可以推测市场会因价格可能进一步下跌的预期下,近期买入比特币的投资者急于卖出以避免更大的损失(恐慌性卖出)。

且在每次市场调整后,实现的亏损幅度都有所增加。这表明每一波价格上涨所吸引的“顶部买家”的数量和规模都在增长。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

接着则是“卖方风险比率”指标,主要用于评价其盈亏事件的相对规模,这个指标可以协助理解市场的移动力量及其对总市场规模的影响,特别是当市场处于或接近新的所有时间高点时。

高值表明短期持有者正以远高于或远低于其成本基础的价格买卖加密货币,这意味着市场可能需要重新找到平衡(通常伴随着价格的剧烈波动)。反之,低值表明,大多数被卖出的比特币接近其盈亏平衡成本基础,这表明市场已达到一定程度的均衡,并且在当前价格范围内“盈亏”已耗尽(通常在描述一个低波动性环境)。

在比特币价格突破 7 万美元后,短期持有者卖出风险比率显着上升,这通常发生在市场转折点(整体和局部)附近。也通常表示,新的平衡尚未形成,随着市场的调整和巩固,该指标正在急剧修正。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

在对长期持有者的评估中,下图可以看到他们的实现利润/亏损比率已经呈指数级并垂直上升。根据定义,这是因为当市场刚刚突破上一个周期的最高点时,亏损中没有长期持有者,这进一步由前述长期持有者获利了结的增长所推动。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

而我们可以在上升趋势中追踪短期持有者的实现亏损,但更重要的是监控长期持有者的实现利润,因为这是卖出压力的关键组成部分。PANews 认为长期持有者的行为通常被视为市场健康的一个长期指标。当他们的实现损失很低时,这表明他们不急于在价格下跌时卖出,这可能意味着他们对市场的长期展望持乐观态度。反观短期持有者的行为,高额的实现损失则反映了市场上的波动性和投资者的恐慌情绪。

为了阐述这一点,我们可以看到,在最近的调整中,与短期持有者的 1.14 亿美元相比,长期持有者的实现亏损已经减少到每天仅 3500 美元。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

最后,Glassnode 注意到长期持有者实现的利润加速增长,导致他们的卖方风险比率自 2023 年 10 月以来出现上升趋势。该指标随着历史高点突破的良好增长,表明长期持有者群体的分配压力和获利了结与先前周期在相对基础上类似。

拆解长短期持有者的市场行为:当前市场趋势有何潜在变化?

总而言之,透过分析长期持有者和短期持有者群体的结合,以及他们的盈亏行为,提供了投资者心理、资本流动的多种视角。

透过 Glassnode 多样的链上工具和指标,我们也可以观察到目前比特币市场上的投资者行为模式正明显转变。长期持有者已深入其卖出周期,实现利润,并唤醒休眠供应以满足以更高价格的新需求。接着利用在链上的不同持有者分析,我们更可以利用这些指标识别出局部和全球市场的转折点,特别是利用盈亏指标。

最后,长期和短期持有者群体的结合,以及他们的盈亏行为,也预示着市场趋势的潜在转变。这些行为模式的变化,尤其是在关键价格点位时的利润实现和亏损承担,提供了一种预测市场波动和顶点机会的新途径。

综合考量以上上述指标,可以更全面地理解市场动力,并对未来的投资策略做出更为周密的规划。

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