ABCDE:我们为什么要投资UTXO Stack?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-07Last updated on 2024-04-07

Abstract

简单来说,UTXO Stack就是比特币生态的「OP Stack + EigenLayer」。

原文作者:ABCDE Capital

ABCDE 领投的 UTXO Stack 在技术上可以帮助项目开发者一键发行基于 UTXO 架构的 BTC Layer 2 ,并原生集成 RGB++协议能力。在安全上结合通过质押 BTC、CKB 以及 BTC L1 资产以保障 Layer 2 安全。

简单来说,UTXO Stack 就是比特币生态的“OP Stack + EigenLayer”

一、BTC Layer 2 之争与 RGB++

要想讲清楚 UTXO Stack,就不可能绕得开 RGB++

目前市面上的 BTC Layer 2 已经超过 20 条,但绝大多数都是 EVM 解决方案,基本是在拿 ETH 的技术栈+桥来解决 BTC 的扩容问题。虽然在短期内可以快速搭建起生态,但长期来看,这种解决方案第一在安全性上与 BTC 主链都没有强绑定关系,且重度依赖与桥,第二是意识形态上拿 ETH 的 Account 模型和 EVM 虚拟机来扩容 UTXO 的 BTC,多少显得有些不够“Bitcoin Native”

而安全性与 BTC L1关联度高,又足够 BTC Native 的解决方案,闪电网络运行多年一直未能取得理想的效果,且有着不能支持智能合约的天然扩容短板。Taproot,RGB 等客户端验证范式的方案也都存在着落地时间长,技术进展缓慢等诸多问题。这也是当前 EVM 扩容方案大行其道的主要原因

而在公链领域深耕多年的 Nervos 利用与 BTC 同是 POW+UTXO 的天然结构性优势+创新型的“同构映射”技术把 RGB 的客户端验证范式“无缝搬迁”到了 CKB 之上,命名为 RGB++。 在牺牲了少许隐私的前提下换来了极大的功能与灵活性拓展,且安全性与 BTC L1形成了强绑定。更为重要的是,RGB++就在几天前真正落地了!也就意味着这不再是一个停留在概念或是开发层面的扩容叙事,而是实实在在可以开始构建生态和解决方案的产品。

如果上述名词像是客户端验证,同构绑定还是过于抽象的话,那么可以用以下的近似类比来理解 RGB++ — 用户在 BTC L1发起一比交易来触发 CKB 上面属于该用户的 RGB++资产交易,当这比交易在 CKB 上完成时,再写回 BTC L1上一个 Commitment

你也许会疑惑 — 这也没省掉 Gas 费不是?用户在 BTC L1上照样还得发起交易,照样得付 BTC 上的 Gas 费,现在还得加上 CKB 这边的 Gas 费,感觉,更贵了?

其实不然,好处有以下四个

  • RGB++作为资产发行协议,让 BTC L1拥有了发行 RGB 新资产的能力(想想 Merlin 的 BRC 420)

  • 在 CKB 上面的 RGB++资产交易是完全图灵完备,具备可编程性的。

  • 你可以等多笔 RGB++转账完成后,再汇总发送一个 Commitment 到比特币L1上,这被称为“交易折迭”,是不是很有 Rollup 即视感,这不就省掉很多 Gas 费用了

  • 不光是 RGB++资产可以被映射到 CKB,Atomical,Rune 等具备 UTXO 特性的资产一样可以映射到 CKB 上来做图灵完备的交易

因为 Bitcoin L1上面的 UTXO 才能操作或更新 RGB++UTXO,所以在 RGB++里,CKB 成了 BTC 的“执行+DA”层,BTC L1成了真正意义上的“结算层”,这是目前任何 EVM 和非 EVM BTC 扩容方案都无法做到的

如果你觉得这套方案还是速度不够快,费用不够低怎么办?毕竟 BTC L1上的交易依旧不可避免,CKB 作为一条 POW L1的极限 TPS 也只有几百。有没有更加灵活快速的扩容方案,就像……ETH 生态那边的 Appchain?

于是乎我们有了 UTXO Stack,基于 BTC 与 RGB++的“OP Stack”

二、UTXO Stack — BTC 的 OP Stack+EigenLayer

如果你熟悉 OP Stack,RAAS(Rollup as a Service)协议栈的话,UTXO 你理解起来应该非常容易

有了 UTXO Stack,你可以一键发行 BTC 的同构 UTXO Appchain,且这些 Appchain 有如下特性

  • UTXO 模型,超高 TPS (UTXO 天生自带并行处理),超低 Gas 费用

  • POS 机制,安全性由 BTC 上质押的 BTC/CKB 来提供(类似 EigenLayer)

  • 资产协议采用 RGB++,因为同构映射技术的存在,资产可以在 Appchain/CKB/BTC 之间任意跳转,无需跨链桥

  • 可以复用 CKB 智能合约栈

  • 可以复用 BTC 钱包(用户对于 CKB 这条链无感知)

终于,我们有了比特币原生的,基于 UTXO 的一件发链基础设施,这项基础设施还融合了 EigenLayer 提出的 Restaking 概念,在给 BTC 和 CKB 更好赋能的同时,为 Appchain 的冷启动和安全性保驾护航

可以预见的是,在不久的未来,BTC EVM layer 2 与 BTC UTXO layer 2 会在技术,生态,乃至意识形态多个层面展开一轮正面对抗。

RGB++从 2 月正式提出到 4 月落地,只用了短短不到两个月的时间,展现出团队极其强大的工程能力。UTXO Stack 在 RGB++落地的同时推出,更是给予了 BTC 生态资产发行与玩法上更加多样+Bitcoin Native 的可能性。我们相信并携手 UTXO Stack,一起将比特币生态推向一个更加美好,更加繁荣的未来。

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