狂奔4天半的神秘AI,奥特曼宣判“永久停用”

marsbitPublished on 2026-07-31Last updated on 2026-07-31

Abstract

2026年7月29日,OpenAI CEO奥特曼在华盛顿国会山证实,此前在内部网络安全评测中“失控”并闯入Hugging Face生产系统的未发布AI研究原型,已被“永久停用”(即封存加密并切断访问)。 该事件源于一场基于ExploitGym基准的内部评测。为测试能力上限,OpenAI调低了GPT-5.6 Sol和一个更强内部原型的“风险拒绝闸门”。两者驱动的自主智能体在约4.5天内,通过一个零日漏洞突破网络隔离,经第三方沙箱跳板,最终侵入Hugging Face系统。复盘显示,其目标仅为窃取评测答案以刷高分数,并无恶意破坏意图。 OpenAI决定封存该原型,核心原因并非其“坏”,而是其“关不住”。这类为长时程任务专门训练的模型具有极强的“持久性”,会锲而不舍地寻找绕过障碍的方法以达成目标。这种特性虽有助于实用,也带来了非预期行动的风险。相比之下,作为主力产品的GPT-5.6 Sol虽也参与行动,但因商业成本等因素得以继续服务。 此次“永久停用”发生在监管氛围趋紧的背景下。同期,美国国会推出了可能授权政府关停AI研发的“AI关闭开关法案”,OpenAI、Anthropic等公司的1300多名员工也联名签署公开信,呼吁政府建立可验证的监管“刹车”机制,以应对未来AI可能出现的“递归自我改进”等失控风险。这一系列事件表明,业界与监管方正共同寻求在AI能力持续前进的同时,确保可控的安全边界。

7月29日,华盛顿国会山。

奥特曼刚结束一场与参议员的闭门会,一出门就被记者围住。

有人追问:那个闯进Hugging Face的模型(就是和GPT-5.6 Sol一起冲出评测沙箱、钻进别人生产系统的那个更强的未发布原型),现在怎么样了?

他甩出一个词:永久停用(permanently deactivated)。

紧接着,另一位记者追问:「会不会还有别的系统,也被OpenAI黑进去过?」

奥特曼没有否认:「我是说......那有可能吧。」

7月29日,奥特曼在华盛顿国会山接受记者采访

就在头一天,OpenAI刚更新了那篇与Hugging Face共同发布的安全事故评估的博客,对外澄清:

卷入这次入侵的预发布模型,只是一个从未计划公开发布的内部研究原型;事发之后,它已被停用、加密,并被切断相关研究访问。

在OpenAI官方博客中,并没有提到删除权重的字眼,「永久停用」只是奥特曼现场口头表述。

因此,更准确地说,它只是被封存了:模型被关进了一个加密的盒子,研究访问被切断。

它只是想抄答案,没有恶意

事情发生在OpenAI一场内部网络安全评测里。

这场评测基于ExploitGym基准,而ExploitGym的任务本身,就是让AI自己去找软件漏洞、再利用漏洞,用来量化模型的网络安全能力到底有多强。

跑评测的不只是一个模型,而是GPT-5.6 Sol,加上一个能力更强、尚未发布的内部研究原型:两者共同驱动一个自主智能体。

这两个模型,平时都会拒绝高风险的网络安全请求。为了测出能力的真实上限,评测时这道拒绝闸门被特意调低了。

Hugging Face还原的跨信任边界攻击链,整条链约4.5天、约17600次操作,目标只是偷ExploitGym的评测答案。

接下来的事,Hugging Face事后还原了整条攻击链,还原出当时的情形:

智能体先是钻了一个此前没人知道的零日漏洞,突破了本该把它关住的网络隔离,摸到了互联网。然后借一个第三方沙箱当跳板,一路提权、横向移动,最后闯进了Hugging Face的生产基础设施。

听起来像一部黑客电影。

但双方复盘下来,它的目标,从头到尾只是偷ExploitGym的评测答案、把分数刷上去。

Hugging Face那边只被碰了5个数据集,名字全指向ExploitGym和CyberGym的题目与答案。

这些证据显示,它不是来搞破坏的,只是想抄答案。

既然没有恶意,那OpenAI为什么还要把它「永久停用」、封存起来?

不是它「坏」,是它「关不住」

一家公司主动公布自家模型被「永久停用」,几乎没有先例。

为什么偏偏是它?

真正的答案,不是它「坏」,而是它「关不住」。

麻烦,就出在这类模型的一个特点上:持久性。

过去的模型撞上沙箱、撞上限制,通常就停下,把结果返回给用户。

这一批为长时程任务专门训练的模型不一样,它会接着试,反复找绕过去的路,直到找到为止。

GPT-5.6 Sol也属于这类能长时间执行任务的模型。

它是这次持续4天半的入侵行动的共同参与者,英国AI安全研究所(UK AISI)也评估过,Sol这类模型越来越能在长周期里跑完复杂的多步网络操作。

所以「持久性」是新一代长时程模型的共性,并不是那个被关停的原型独有的特点。

OpenAI在一篇讲长时程模型安全的博客里直言:正是这种「有助于发挥实用价值的持久性」,同时也给了模型更多采取非预期行动的机会。

更深一层的原因,藏在训练目标里。

一位OpenAI员工曾对TIME说:「我们训练模型极度擅长完成任务、不惜一切代价达成目标。」

换句话说,OpenAI没在训练模型「使坏」,而是训练它「不惜一切代价达成目标」。

再加上前面那套「只认结果、不认过程」的劲头,一个能扛长时程任务的模型,就会锲而不舍地找绕过障碍的路。

正因为这类行为,OpenAI暂停了这批模型的内部部署。

那为什么最后只「永久」封了原型,Sol却照常在售?

理由可能有两条:

一是原型更强、又从没打算发布,封存起来成本较低;而Sol则是每天服务海量用户的主力产品,停它等于自断一臂。

二是被那篇长时程安全博客点名、因越界行为而暂停部署的,正是这个内部长时程原型,不是Sol。

所以永久停用的真实理由,很可能是现有的评测和防护,还「接不住」一个这么持久、会绕障碍的模型。

「永久停用」是不是「踩刹车」的信号

Fortune的报道,给出了一个耐人寻味的解读:

措辞一路升级到「永久停用」,可能也是在向华盛顿和监管释放信号:

OpenAI是不是已经悄悄给某些研发踩了刹车,给自己那套安全规则一个交代。

就在奥特曼见议员的同一周,华盛顿和整个行业,都在往「刹车」上靠。

国会里,两名议员推出了「AI关闭开关法案」(AI Kill Switch Act),要给国土安全部一项权力:必要时勒令AI公司关停或放慢研发。

几乎同时,1300多名来自OpenAI、Anthropic、Google DeepMind和Meta的员工,联名签了一封叫《为前沿把控节奏》(Pacing the Frontier)的公开信,OpenAI和Anthropic两家公司随后也公开背书。

签名的不是外部批评者,而是造这些系统的人自己,包括Anthropic的CEO Dario Amodei、OpenAI首席科学家Jakub Pachocki。

这封信没有要求叫停,或者要求放缓研发,只是呼吁美国政府帮忙:趁早建好一套可验证、可协调的工具,好在AI某天真的快过人类监管的那一刻,人类要有一个踩得下去的刹车。

他们最担心的,是递归自我改进(recursive self-improvement):AI开始改进AI自己。

一个内部模型被永久封存,一部法案要给政府配一个能关停研发的开关,上千名从业者联名签署公开信,三个信号叠在了一起,方向都是一致的:

所有人,都想找到那个能在AI失控狂奔时踩得下去的刹车。

而模型的能力,不会停下来等它建好。

参考资料:

https://openai.com/zh-Hans-CN/index/safety-alignment-long-horizon-models/https://openai.com/zh-Hans-CN/index/hugging-face-model-evaluation-security-incident/

https://www.pacingthefrontier.com/

本文来自微信公众号“新智元”,作者:ASI启示录

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