反思以太坊困境:创新乏力和竞争压力下的至难时刻?

币界网Опубликовано 2024-08-12Обновлено 2024-08-12

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作者:Haotian

为什么市场唱衰以太坊的声音总是此起彼伏?简单来说:以太坊生态系统确实面对内忧外患的焦灼处境,内有layer2等扩展方案一直挺不起脊梁,外有Solana等杀手始终亡我坊之心不死,创新乏力和竞争压力下的以太坊迎来了至难时刻。接下来,简单谈谈我的看法:

1)以太坊Rollups的大小生态系统已经成型,坎昆升级EIP-4844之后,以太坊短期技术层面的利好已然落定。更长期的分片链在Rollup冲击下已不再预期,而降低节点成本、简化协议以及底层ZK-SNARKs化等升级又仅是锦上添花。整个区块链行业都在等龙二以太坊交出一份满意的layer2答卷,然而截止目前,layer2并没有承载以太坊的“增长”预期。

2)实在讲,Rollups能从Plasma、Validium甚至平行链等多种扩展方案中脱颖而出,全在于Rollups采纳了一种执行和状态、结算等分层处理的主次链组合交互范式。正常逻辑下,layer2在确立一种和主网交互的安全共识之后,接下来就该强化并放大执行层上的性能处理优势,给以太坊主网输入增量用户和生态才对。

然而事实是,大部分layer2却选择了进行商业叙事级别的叠杠杆套娃,走Stack战略拉同盟,共享组件牵入layer3应用链,还有Rollup as a Service、DA as a Service、甚至AVS as a Service等等。这些乍一看能无限放大layer2商业和叙事想象空间的策略,都只能更长期叠加市场的预期杠杆,在扩大应用生态和赋能币价等方面并不能立竿见影。

(首页置顶文我写了《百链竞发下半场,BTC layer2何去何从?》反响还不错,近期会写文系统展开我对以太坊layer2何去何从的思考,敬请期待,可小铃铛关注)

3)很长一段时间,总有人嘲笑以太坊Gas费 1Gwei,以此来讥讽以太坊layer2战略方向的失败,但换个角度看,这何尝不是以太坊靠layer2解决拥堵、Gas费高等问题的阶段性成功?只不过,糟糕的是layer2不仅没有以太坊带来预期的巨大生态和交易量,甚至还分流了一部分流量出走了。

实际上,layer2在解决以太坊性能不足能力上算成功的,OP-Rollup和ZK-Rollup阵营的竞争内卷也到达的白热化的程度,但选阵营搞infra而非纯应用创新暴露了以太坊开发者社区一个很尴尬的现状:过度依赖VC融资驱动发币而并非真正的价值创新。

尽管这是web3行业流入开发者人才越多,以及VC的资金流入趋多,进而竞争内卷加剧的直接结果。虽然创业门槛变高本来可以是市场趋于成熟的表现,在Crypto早期阶段,过度的内卷则成了项目高FDV扼杀创新的始作俑者。试想一个项目顶着巨大的FDV,一切努力只为快速Go to Market,怎么会有时间来沉淀价值创新。而to VC最有效的就是堆叠B端的商业叙事,C端应用这类紧迫但却不性感的方向则一直不温不火。所以,才让市场感知到infra> application的失衡吧。

4)尽管,以太坊杀手的性感叙事已经在上一轮牛市中被证伪了,但这一轮Solana、Sui、Aptos、Sei等高性能公链都直戳以太坊EVM的“低性能”软肋。虽然都不再喊着杀死以太坊,但不可否认它们在性能上的高并发和特殊Move语言安全机制等层面确实能冲击到以太坊,尤其是可能成为新一代web3应用生态滋生的沃土,比如:DePIN、大型游戏、intent 交易、AI Agent等等。

这是我认为新一代高性能公链最大的机会,不再堆叠infra预期,直接凭应用崛起来向以太坊宣战。

或者说根本就无需宣战,用模块化思想把以太坊归置到“结算层”的单薄叙事上,用新模块化执行层,DA层、Unified 流动性层等对对以太坊过去建立的话语权体系进行重构,不也是一种竞合成功?对其他链是,对以太坊又何尝不是,然而,这是我在其他高性能链或模块化、链抽象链上看到的趋向,但似乎以太坊还只是“被动挨打”的姿态,即使在ETF这等超前性利好的前提下,也没能放下架子来应对。

5)很多人还在对另一次DeFi Summer抱有期待,但反思以太坊layer2的不及预期,我很无奈的接受了,DeFi Summer或许永不复来的事实。@VitalikButerin自己也很清楚,以太坊最大的困局可能就是过度的金融属性,DeFi这种承载金融属性的完美载体,既往成功经验和DeFi组合的无限套娃属性都让它天然契合人的投机偏好。以太坊生态此刻要考虑的不是重塑DeFi Summer,而恰恰是走出纯DeFi文化阴霾。

上一轮牛市横空出世的NFT,OpenSea由盛转衰也都未曾完全嵌套进DeFi框架内,但这并不影响NFT带领上一轮以太坊走出超强牛市,这一轮PolyMarket去中心化预测市场被重视,虽然并非新玩法,也不知道能不能掀起新生机,但好在,它也并非纯DeFi、或者说已经扩展重构了DeFi。如何把以太坊最大可能向web2世界融合,脱虚向实,才是大家应该真正预期的新Summer所在。

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