英特尔单日飙升13%,AI 交易回到「硬」逻辑

marsbitОпубликовано 2026-05-06Обновлено 2026-05-06

编者按:AI 交易正在从「模型叙事」转向「硬件瓶颈」。

在过去一年,市场讨论 AI 时,焦点更多集中在大模型公司、云厂商资本开支,以及 AI 应用能否真正带来收入。但本轮美股上涨显示,投资者正在重新定价 AI 基础设施链条中更底层、也更稀缺的环节:存储、半导体制造和高性能芯片供应。

存储芯片板块的暴涨,本质上反映的是 AI 产业扩张进入了更现实的阶段。训练数据、模型参数、推理负载和数据中心扩建,都需要更高性能、更大容量的存储与计算硬件支撑。对苹果等终端科技巨头而言,存储涨价意味着成本压力;但对美光、闪迪、英特尔、三星等芯片厂商而言,这则成为新一轮盈利周期的开始。

值得注意的是,市场并非只有乐观情绪。富国银行情绪指标自 2021 年以来首次触发「卖出」信号,提示当前行情中已经出现一定程度的过热。AI 仍是主线,但投资者关注的问题正在变化:不是谁讲出了更宏大的 AI 故事,而是谁真正掌握了供给瓶颈,谁能把资本开支转化为收入和利润。

与此同时,中东局势、油价波动和美联储利率预期仍在扰动市场。换言之,美股新高背后并不是单一的 AI 狂热,而是 AI 基建景气、地缘风险缓和与流动性预期共同作用的结果。

AI 牛市正在变得更「物理」。当算力、存储、能源和供应链成为真正的约束条件,市场奖励的也不再只是讲故事的公司,而是那些能够提供关键基础设施的制造商。

以下为原文:

周二,投资者涌入存储芯片板块,推动纳斯达克综合指数和标普 500 指数创下新高,也进一步巩固了 PHLX 半导体指数自互联网泡沫以来的最佳涨势。

自 3 月底以来,该半导体指数已上涨 54%,创下自 2000 年 3 月以来 25 个交易日区间内的最佳表现。随着人工智能对关键专用芯片的需求激增,芯片制造商正加紧扩产,以满足市场需求。

存储价格上涨正在推高苹果等科技巨头的成本,但对整个芯片制造行业而言,却成为一大利好。周二的上涨推动英特尔股价大涨 13%,市值升至约 5440 亿美元,超过甲骨文和强生。闪迪、美光和高通股价均上涨逾 10%,带动科技股权重较高的纳斯达克综合指数上涨 1%。

富国证券首席股票策略师 Ohsung Kwon 表示,那些设计、生产或销售高强度 AI 任务所需计算芯片的公司,正是当前大规模 AI 基础设施建设中最大的受益者。「这才是真正的瓶颈所在,」他说。

Kwon 表示,AI 交易已经进入一个更健康的周期:投资者关注的重点,正从资本开支转向这项技术能否实现商业化变现。这一焦点变化也反映在上周亚马逊、谷歌等科技巨头的财报中——交易员更关心的是,这些公司在 AI 上的大规模投入,是否真正转化为了收入。

尽管 AI 热潮仍在持续,富国银行的情绪指标却自 2021 年 11 月以来首次触发「卖出」信号。Kwon 将近期金融市场的上涨称为一种「糖分冲高」式的亢奋,这一信号意味着,投资者应当开始为投资组合加入保护措施。

有报道称,苹果正在考虑让英特尔和三星在美国为其设备生产主芯片,投资者的乐观情绪因此推动英特尔股价上涨。三星股价也在韩国市场上涨约 5%。

在美国主要股指中,纳斯达克领涨,标普 500 指数上涨 0.8%,道琼斯工业平均指数上涨 0.7%,即 356 点。标普 500 的 11 个板块当天全部上涨,其中材料和科技板块领涨;小盘股罗素 2000 指数上涨 1.8%,创下历史新高。金融服务板块开盘走低,此前 Coinbase 和 PayPal 分别宣布裁员,但随后收复跌幅,最终基本平收。

周二,投资者对美国和伊朗避免在周一波斯湾冲突后重新爆发全面敌对行动的希望升温。

近月 Brent 原油期货下跌 4%,至每桶 109.87 美元。周一,在伊朗袭击阿联酋一处关键石油码头以及霍尔木兹海峡船只后,交投最活跃的原油合约收于近四年来最高水平。但美国国防部长 Pete Hegseth 周二淡化了这些袭击的影响,并表示与德黑兰达成的、已持续四周的停火协议仍然有效。

美国银行资产管理集团高级投资总监 Bill Northey 表示:「目前来看,局势似乎并未出现实质性升级,市场也因此松了一口气。」

他补充称,尽管周二中东地区的敌对行动看起来有所缓和,但这场冲突仍在持续影响未来的美国经济数据和美联储的利率决策。例如,如果霍尔木兹海峡能够安全、完全重新开放,将会削弱市场对更高通胀的预期,并推动 10 年期美国国债收益率回落。

Northey 表示:「我们的基准判断是,这种波动很可能还会持续。」

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