加密友好银行借款上百亿引发监管机构担忧

华尔街见闻Published on 2023-01-25Last updated on 2023-01-25

Abstract

两大为加密货币领域企业服务的银行——银门资本和Signature Bank正急于向联邦住宅贷款银行(FHLB)借款数十亿美元,阻止客户挤兑。银门至少收到36亿美元,Signature借了将近100亿美元。Signature最近已不再为币安等数币交易所处理低于10万美元的交易。

新近消息显示,币圈连环爆雷的危机可能影响美国银行业。

加密货币交易所币安周末发布声明称,该公司的银行业合作伙伴之一、总部设在纽约的商业银行 Signature Bank 已建议,从 2023 年 2 月 1 日起,不再支持任何加密货币交易所客户买卖低于 10 万美元,对所有加密货币交易所都是如此。

币安称,因此,一些币安的个人用户可能无法通过国际结算系统 SWIFT 的银行转账进行低于 10 万美元的加密货币买卖。除了 Signature Bank,该公司的其他合作银行不受影响。币安在积极寻找替代的解决方案。每月平均有 0.01% 的币安用户采用 Signature 的服务。

以上表态确认了,在决定减少加密资产市场的风险敞口后,Signature Bank 将只为币安处理超过 10 万美元的交易。2022 年 12 月,Signature Bank 就表示,加密货币交易所 FTX 爆雷后,该行在大范围撤除加密货币领域,有意削减高达 100 亿美元的加密资产客户存款。

美国银行业监管机构联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)最近也已经警告银行,谨防加密资产的风险。FDIC 在本月 5 日的声明中称:

「虽然既不禁止、也不鼓励银行机构向任何特定类别或类型的客户提供服务,但集中在加密资产相关活动的商业模式、或者集中在加密资产行业的风险敞口会引起安全性和稳健性方面的重大担忧。」

华尔街见闻本月初提到,FTX 崩盘破产后,服务加密货币客户的另一银行银门资本(Silvergate Capital Corp.)遭客户挤兑,迫使该行以巨额亏损出售资产,满足约 81 亿美元的客户提款需求。

银门资本 1 月 5 日披露,2023 年第四季度与加密货币相关的存款为 38 亿美元,环比三季度的 119 亿美元剧减 68%,同时宣布裁员 40%。当天该行股价盘中暴跌近 50%,收跌近 43%。

最近媒体指出,银门资本和 Signature Bank 这两大为加密货币领域企业服务的银行正急于借助联邦住宅贷款银行(FHLB),通过向这一最初旨在支持上世纪 30 年代按揭贷款的银行系统借款数十亿美元,阻止客户蜂拥提款挤兑。

递交监管方的文件显示,2022 年第四季度,Signature Bank 向当地的住房贷款银行借了将近 100 亿美元,这是 2020 年初新冠疫情爆发以来银行业的此类最大规模借款之一。银门资本则是收到了至少 36 亿美元的此类借款。

媒体提到,虽然帮助提振银行的流动性是 FHLB 的部分使命,但一些观察人士认为,支持遭遇危机的加密货币行业危机远远偏离了 FHLB 成立的初衷。

美国民主党参议员 Elizabeth Warren 说,这就是为什么,我之前一直在警告,允许加密货币和银行系统纠缠不清有危险。无论任何时候,纳税人都不应该为加密货币行业的崩溃买单,那是一个充斥着欺诈、洗钱和非法融资的市场。

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