美法警局偷偷卖了 17 万枚 BTC?史诗级补仓要来了吗?

marsbitPublished on 2025-07-16Last updated on 2025-07-17

今日,一份由独立记者 L0la L33tz 通过《信息自由法案》(FOIA)请求所获得并于 7 月 16 日回应的文件,在加密社区中投下了一枚重磅「炸弹」。

该 FOIA 请求提交于今年 3 月 24 日,文件中,美国司法部下属的法警局(US Marshals Service)报告称,其持有的比特币数量为 28,988.35643016 枚,按当前市价计算价值约 34.4 亿美元。


Strategic Bitcoin Reserve


这一数字比之前所披露的 20 万枚少了近九成(例如,链上分析机构 Arkham Intelligence 估计,美国政府持有的加密货币资产总价值接近 250 亿美元),立即引发了市场对美国政府是否已悄然抛售大部分持仓的猜测。


Strategic Bitcoin Reserve


Strategic Bitcoin Reserve


L0la L33tz 强调,她从美国法警局收到的清单是「美国法警局持有」的所有比特币列表。这意味着,除美国法警局之外,其他已查获(seized assets)的比特币可能仍由负责查获的机构持有,而非统一存放在法警局。因此,法警局的数据并不能代表美国政府比特币的「全部存量」。


理解这一数据的关键在于区分「已没收资产」(forfeited assets)和「已查获资产」(seized assets)。


已没收资产: 是指那些经过法律程序,所有权已合法转移给政府的资产。美国法警局作为联邦法院的执法机构,通常负责管理并拍卖这些由包括 FBI 和 IRS 等组织查获的已没收代币。


已查获资产: 则是指被执法机构在调查过程中暂时扣押的资产。这些资产可能尚未经过最终的法律判决,其所有权并未完全归属政府,因此也无法被出售。


这一解释澄清了市场对于某些链上追踪器(如 Arkham、BTC Treasuries 等)所列出的政府相关钱包地址的疑惑。有观点指出,一些公开的追踪工具,其数据显示的往往是「已查获」但尚未被政府合法没收的比特币。例如,Arkham 追踪到来自 Bitfinex 黑客事件的 9.4 万枚比特币,但这些资产的没收程序尚未最终确定。这意味着,即使这些比特币目前处于政府的控制之下,也可能因法律程序未完成而「无法出售」。


链上足迹「失效」?关乎托管方离线交易的最新推测


然而,关于美国政府比特币是否已进行「抛售」的讨论并未完全平息,反而因新的线索而变得更加复杂。


比特币早期倡导者、Bitcoin Magazine CEO 、Nakamoto 创始人 David Bailey 提出,在这种情况下,「只追踪链上足迹是毫无意义的,因为它(交易)是通过托管方进行的」。


加密分析师 Sani (@SaniExp) 对此进行了深入探讨。


Strategic Bitcoin Reserve


Sani 表示,他和其他许多业内人士一直在追踪被认为与美国政府持有量相关的链上地址,并且确实没有发现近期的大规模链上转移,这原本支持了「没有出售」的假设。然而,Sani 引用多个消息来源指出,托管方可能正在代表某些实体促成「离线互换」(off-chain swaps)。这种操作允许币种在不产生链上交易记录的情况下完成所有权转移。Sani 猜测,如果存在这种大规模的离线交易,唯一能够处理如此体量的托管方可能是 Coinbase。


Sani 的观点是,在这种情况下,链上追踪的有效性变得「不再具有决定性」(not conclusive),他并未断言链上追踪完全失效。


对此,David Bailey 本人推测,「尽管存在更多细节差别,但广泛的结论是,美国法警局一直在出售(比特币),并且没有在链上留下足迹。」他强调,这是一个「重大的发展」。


倒逼特朗普「战略储备」大回购?


在当前背景下,这一数字的披露显得尤为敏感。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普此前曾明确表示,美国政府将保留其比特币持有量,作为「战略比特币储备」(Strategic Bitcoin Reserve,SBR)的一部分。


今年 3 月,他签署了一项行政命令,要求联邦机构将其持有的加密资产转移至财政部,由财政部负责监管该储备。特朗普的加密「沙皇」大卫·萨克斯也曾提出「预算中立」的策略,旨在为政府基金获取更多比特币。同时,3 月 6 日的行政命令还设立了一个「美国数字资产储备」,用以存放除比特币以外在刑事或民事诉讼中被没收的数字资产。


美国参议员、战略比特币储备的主要支持者 Cynthia Lummis 在 X 平台上表示:「我对美国已出售超过 80% 的比特币储备——仅剩下约 2.9 万枚的报道感到震惊。如果这是真的,那将是一个彻底的战略失误,并让美国在比特币竞赛中倒退多年。」


David Bailey 认为,美国政府的比特币持有量大幅减少,可能解释了过去价格的长期停滞,并将其视为「看涨」信号。他的最新推文也提及,在「发现美国可能需要回购几十万枚比特币来补充战 SBR」时,美联储主席鲍威尔的去留问题也浮出水面,这在他看来是一种「昭昭天命」。


总之,无论这 2.8 万枚 BTC 是否代表美国政府全部持仓,都已为市场注入关键变量——若此前的市场回调 / 停滞确为美政府 OTC 抛售所致,那么当「菜鸟筹码」完成向「钻石手」的转移后,比特币的上涨基础或将更为坚实。


更值得玩味的是战略层面的暗示:当美国从潜在的最大抛压方转变为可能的补仓需求方,这种角色转换带来的流动性重构,可能比单纯的数据争议影响更为深远。

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