Bitcoin生态三大叙事之Runes2.0:Alkanes & RSM,下一个ORDI?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-04-27Last updated on 2025-04-27

Abstract

Alkanes、RSM两大协议虽不同宗,但同为解决Bitcoin生态流动性,无法实现去中心化 DeFi 问题做出了巨大贡献。

我是比特雷 Ray.bit,一个集 Bitcoin 热情与技术洞察于一身的男子,X (Twitter):https://x.com/bitlaser_btc

近期,平静的 Bitcoin 生态泛起一丝涟漪,被认为开局即巅峰的 Alkanes 协议第一个代币 $METHANE 市值从 1 M 左右短时间爆拉至 10 M+,引起众多社区和 KOL 关注,纷纷加入 Alkanes 建设,代打工具一家接一家的支持,Bitcoin 生态已经很久没有这么热闹了,似乎回到了 2023 年 Bitcoin 生态协议大爆发的景象,时至今日已经 $METHANE 稳定在千万市值以上,被社区称之为下一个 $ORDI,这种日翻数倍的情况在 SOL、BSC 上实数常见,但在当前 Bitcoin 的生态环境下,哪怕一丝涟漪也如同一颗炸雷,惊起无数喧嚣。犹如盲人忽见光明,充满着对未来的美好憧憬。

Alkanes 协议我称之为 Runes 2.0 ,Alkanes 建立在 Runes 的基础上,是一种将智能合约引入比特币 L1 的元协议。

那么 Alkanes 协议是在什么情况下诞生的呢?

事情还要从 Runes 说起...

Runes 的诞生

Runes 由 Casey @rodarmor(Ordinal 协议的创始人)于 2023 年 9 月首次提出,作为BRC20的替代方案。BRC20因依赖 JSON 铭文导致链上数据冗余、网络拥堵和高 Gas 费,饱受诟病。符文则利用 Bitcoin 的 UTXO 模型和 OP_RETURN 操作码,设计更高效、简洁的代币发行机制,目标是提升性能并减少对网络的负担。

特点

简洁高效:符文直接基于 Bitcoin 原生 UTXO 模型,无需复杂的链下索引或 JSON 铭文,数据占用更小,交易处理更快。

去中心化铸造:类似BRC20,符文强调公平发行,允许用户自由铸造代币。

兼容性强:符文与 Bitcoin 协议高度兼容,无需软分叉即可实现,降低技术门槛。

灵活性:支持多种代币类型(同质化/非同质化),并为开发者提供更大创作空间。

发展与影响

2024 年上线:符文在 Bitcoin 区块高度 840, 000 (2024 年 4 月减半时)正式激活,首批符文代币迅速引发市场热潮,部分项目市值短时间内激增。如:$DOG

矿工收益:与BRC20类似,符文铸造热潮为矿工带来大量手续费(GAS 一度接近 3000),尤其在减半后弥补了区块奖励减少的损失。

生态扩展:符文推动了 Bitcoin Layer 1 的代币实验,吸引开发者探索去中心化应用(DeFi、NFT 等),进一步丰富生态。

社区反响:尽管符文优化了BRC20的不足,仍有“Bitcoin 纯粹主义者”批评其偏离“点对点电子现金”的初衷,认为代币热潮加剧投机。

现状与挑战

截至 2025 年 4 月,符文生态初具规模,数千个符文代币流通,部分头部项目(如 #RSIC、#DOG)市值表现亮眼。然而,符文仍面临挑战:

应用局限:与BRC20类似,符文多停留在“发行+交易”层面,缺乏复杂应用场景。

市场竞争:以太坊、Solana 等链的 DeFi 和 MEME 生态更成熟,吸引了大量资金和注意力,符文需找到独特定位。

转折

此时 Alkanes 带着这份责任于 3 月 18 日悄然上线,引发 Bitcoin 社区热议。

Alkanes 是什么?

Alkanes 是一个基于比特币的应用层元协议,旨在通过 Protorunes 协议和 OP_RETURN 输出,在比特币 L1 上实现智能合约功能,支持去中心化应用(dApp)开发

技术实现

Alkanes 使用 Rust 编写智能合约,编译为 WebAssembly(WASM),以压缩文件形式通过 witness 脚本存储在比特币区块链上,确保高效部署和执行。

协议特性

继承 Runes 和 Ordinals 协议,Alkanes 结合 Metashrew 索引器,提供可验证的链上状态管理和资产视图,支持复杂的信任协议和状态机。

优势

无需信任第三方,Alkanes 利用比特币的去中心化特性,确保智能合约的安全性和透明性,为开发者提供灵活的 dApp 构建工具。

Alkanes 上线之初便引发热议,只是热度持续并不长久,很快淹没在时局之下,成为出道即巅峰的代表,而在 iDclub @idclub_ord Marketplace 支持之下,重新焕发生机,燃起熊熊之火,隐隐有照亮 Bitcoin 生态之势。

Bitcoin 生态 DeFi 帝国序幕悄然拉开,故事也并非仅此。

Runes 2.0 方案也并非 Alkanes 一家。

2024 年 6 月,Mikael @MikaelBTC 便已提出可编程符文解决方案 RSM(Runes State Machine) @RSM_Runes,也是当时唯一的 Runes 协议,一时风头无两,协议代币 $RSM 也摸到千万市值,这也是下一个 ORDI?

什么是 RSM?

RSM 是一个可编程符文解决方案,一个由 Mikael @MikaelBTC 为 Bitcoin L1上的#Runes 和 Bitcoin、Runes 2.0、RunesFi 和 BTCFi 的图灵完备状态机。

技术实现

智能合约驱动状态管理,交易触发去中心化计算;UTXO 与状态机双模型通过 burn 2/bur n3、mint 2/mint 3 转换;无需托管的去中心化计算;代币嵌套支持独立逻辑;DAO 治理合约(Contract-001)。RSM 利用比特币共识确保安全,模块化设计扩展 dApps 开发能力。

协议特性

RSM 协议通过图灵完备性、双模型架构、去中心化计算与治理、代币嵌套等特性,为符文协议赋予强大的可编程性和 DeFi 潜力。它兼顾比特币的安全性与扩展性,支持复杂 dApps 开发,同时保持去中心化和用户控制。其开放性和社区驱动模式为比特币 Layer 1 生态注入活力。

优势

RSM 协议通过强大的可编程性、去中心化安全、双模型灵活性、模块化扩展、社区治理、比特币兼容性和开放生态,为符文协议赋予独特优势。它在保持比特币核心特性的同时,显著提升 Layer 1 的 DeFi 潜力,为开发者提供灵活框架,为用户提供安全可靠的体验。

两大 Runes 2.0 方案区别

Alkanes:Alkanes 基于 Runes,但为独立协议,面对挑战为需要 Bitcoin 生态主流交易市场 OKX @OKXWallet_CN、UniSat @unisat_wallet、Magic Eden @MEonBTC 等支持。

RSM:RSM 是可编程 Runes 的解决方案,面对挑战为需要说服 Runes 协议创始人 Casey @rodarmor 采用其方案,并对原 Runes 协议进行升级。

总结

Alkanes、RSM 两大协议虽不同宗,但同为解决 Bitcoin 生态流动性,无法实现去中心化 DeFi 问题做出了巨大贡献。

Bitcoin生态三大叙事之Runes2.0:Alkanes & RSM,下一个ORDI?

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