重塑美债市场的开端?一加密巨头已成美国第七大“债主”

金十数据Published on 2025-09-01Last updated on 2025-09-01

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在美国债务超过37万亿美元并不断攀升之际,美国国债市场正将Tether和Circle等稳定币发行商视为关键买家。

最近签署的《GENIUS法案》为该行业建立了指导方针和里程碑式的框架,推动了华尔街对这种与美元挂钩的数字代币的爆炸性采用。

汇丰银行的分析师早些时候表示,“就特朗普总统让美国成为全球加密货币之都的目标而言,一个监管良好的稳定币市场可以巩固美元在数字金融世界的主导地位。”

根据新法律,稳定币发行商被要求用美元或其他高质量流动性资产以一比一的比例为代币提供支持,这实际上将短期国库券定位为首选抵押品。

贝森特上周吹捧《GENIUS法案》的好处时写道,“这项突破性技术将支撑美元作为全球储备货币的地位,为全球数十亿人扩大进入美元经济的渠道,并将导致对作为稳定币支持的美国国债的需求激增,这对所有参与者来说都是三赢的:稳定币用户、稳定币发行商和美国财政部。”

Tether和Circle主导着价值2500亿美元的稳定币市场,该市场在2025年增长了22%。Circle已完成了一次重磅IPO。摩根士丹利的分析显示,Tether旗下的USDT约占稳定币总市值的65%,而Circle的USDC占另外25%,两者合计占有90%的份额。

上周二,Tether宣布聘请前白宫加密政策高管博·海因斯(Bo Hines)作为战略顾问,以帮助指导其在美国的扩张。

尽管发行商的大部分储备是短期美国国债的形式,但该行业尚未被视为国库券市场的主要组成部分。

堪萨斯城联储指出,发行商持有约1250亿美元的国库券,不到6万亿美元未偿国库券总量的2%。相比之下,保险公司持有的数量大约是其五倍,而最大的私人买家共同基金则持有4.5万亿美元,是其36倍。

堪萨斯城联储的经济学家Stefan Jacewitz写道,“尽管稳定币市场目前规模太小,无法对国债需求产生巨大影响,但预计该市场规模在未来几年将大幅增长。”

这正是华尔街所押注的。摩根大通预测,到2028年,该市场规模将翻一番,达到5000亿美元;渣打银行则认为在同一时期内将达到2万亿美元。伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)预计到2035年将高达4万亿美元。

在稳定币需求上升的同时,美国财政部正越来越依赖短期国库券的发行,而像中国、日本和加拿大这样的传统买家则一直在缩减购买规模。

Ark Invest的分析显示,在过去13年里,最大外国债权人持有的美国国债份额已从23%降至略高于6%。预计在特朗普的关税政策以及外国央行减少债券持有量的更广泛转变下,这一趋势将继续。

与此同时,美联储在逐步结束量化宽松的过程中,也一直在缩减自己的债券购买量

2024年,Tether是美国国债的第七大买家,排在英国和新加坡之后。Ark Invest的Lorenzo Valente在6月份写道,“显然,Tether、Circle和更广泛的稳定币行业可能在未来几年为美国国债创造出最大的需求来源之一,并有可能在2030年前取代日本成为最大的持有者,如果是这样,那么稳定币行业可能为降低美国长期利率的目标做出重要贡献。”

据国际清算银行(BIS)称,与美元一比一兑换的稳定币可能正在对短期收益率产生影响,其数据显示,为期五天、价值35亿美元的稳定币资金流入,会在10天内将三个月期国库券收益率压低约2-2.5个基点。

期货和期权交易网络tastylive的全球宏观联席主管Christopher Vecchio指出,“如果行业预测哪怕只有一点点准确,并且未来几年稳定币需求飙升至1万亿美元以上,那么稳定币不仅将继续影响短期收益率,它们也必然会成为财政部在确定其债务发行时间表时考虑的一个重要因素。”

行业观察人士警告说,随着资金转向稳定币,很可能这些资金是从银行存款中流出,从而减少银行余额并降低其准备金要求。“这种从银行存款流入稳定币的潜在资金流,可能会增加国债需求,但同时也可能减少经济中的贷款供应,”堪萨斯城联储的Jacewitz写道。

尽管如此,行业参与者仍认为净效应是积极的。金融科技基础设施公司Uniform Labs的创始人Will Beeson指出:“稳定币将成为美国及海外经济增长的有意义的加速剂。”

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