灰度最新研报:DAT过热了?ETH暴涨16%背后,鲸鱼35亿美金大挪移!

marsbitОпубликовано 2025-09-02Обновлено 2025-09-03

  • 美国对数字资产的监管清晰度已经酝酿了很长时间——尽管未来的道路仍在展开,但政策制定者今年已经取得了有意义的进展。
  • 市场对监管利好的关注可能促成了以太币的优异表现。以太坊是区块链金融市场的领导者,因此,如果监管的明确性能够促进稳定币、代币化资产和/或去中心化金融应用的普及,以太坊可能会从中受益。
  • 数字资产库(DAT)——在资产负债表上持有加密货币的上市公司——近几个月来激增,但投资者需求可能已趋于饱和。大型项目的估值溢价正在压缩。
  • 比特币价格一度创下约12.5万美元的历史新高,但当月收盘下跌。尽管8月份比特币价格的走势不如其他主题,但美联储独立性的压力却清晰地提醒我们,投资者对比特币的需求为何如此旺盛。

2025年8月,加密货币总市值稳定在4万亿美元左右,但暗地里却出现了明显的波动。加密资产类别涵盖了各种软件技术,其基本驱动因素也各不相同,因此代币估值并不总是同步波动。

尽管比特币价格在8月份下跌,但以太币却上涨了16%。这条市值第二大的公链似乎受益于投资者对监管变化的关注,这可能会支持稳定币、代币化资产和去中心化金融 (DeFi) 应用的采用——而以太坊目前在这些领域处于行业领先地位。

图 1 使用Grayscale的“加密赛道”框架(一套与富时罗素指数公司合作开发的严格的数字资产分类法和指数产品组合)展示了 8 月份各细分赛道的变化。货币、消费与文化以及人工智能 (AI) 加密赛道指数环比均小幅下跌。AI赛道的疲软反映了人工智能相关股票在公开股票市场中的表现不佳。与此同时,金融、智能合约平台以及公用事业与服务加密赛道指数在当月均有所上涨。尽管比特币价格环比下跌,但在 8 月中旬创下了约 12.5 万美元的历史新高;ETH价格也创下了略低于 5000 美元的历史新高。

图表 1:8 月份加密货币赛道回报

以太坊

GENIUS法案及未来

我们认为,以太坊近期的优异表现与基本面息息相关:最重要的是,美国数字资产和区块链技术监管透明度的提高。我们认为,今年最重要的政策变化无疑是 7 月份《GENIUS 法案》的通过。该法案为美国市场的支付稳定币提供了全面的监管框架(请参阅“稳定币与支付的未来”,)。以太坊是当今领先的稳定币区块链(以交易量和余额计算),《GENIUS 法案》的通过推动ETH在 7 月份上涨了近 50%。同样的因素似乎也推动以太币在 8 月份走高。

然而,美国今年的政策变化远不止稳定币,涵盖了从加密资产托管到银行监管指引等一系列问题。图表 2 总结了我们认为特朗普政府和联邦机构今年在数字资产方面最重要的具体政策行动。这些政策变化——以及未来更多政策变化——刺激了整个加密行业的机构投资浪潮(更多详情请参阅《机构连锁反应》)。

图 2:政策变化为加密行业带来更大的监管透明度

以太坊今年8月,美联储理事沃勒和鲍曼双双出席了在怀俄明州杰克逊霍尔举行的区块链会议,这在几年前还是难以想象的。此次会议紧接着美联储年度杰克逊霍尔经济政策会议的召开。他们在演讲中强调,区块链应被视为金融科技的一项创新,监管机构应在维护金融稳定和为新技术发展创造空间之间取得平衡。

9月,参议院银行委员会计划审议加密货币市场结构立法——该法规将涵盖稳定币以外的加密货币市场领域。参议院的这项努力以CLARITY Act为基础,该法案于7月在众议院获得两党支持通过。参议院银行委员会主席斯科特表示,他预计市场结构立法也将获得参议院两党支持。然而,仍有一些重大问题需要解决。行业团体尤其注重确保市场结构立法纳入对开源软件开发者和非托管服务提供商的保护。未来几个月,立法者可能会就此问题展开持续辩论(需要注意的是,灰度是最近致参议院银行委员会和农业委员会成员的一封行业评论信的签署方)。

DAT过剩了?

8 月份BTC表现不佳,而ETH表现优异,这在一系列场所和产品的资金流动中都得到了明显体现。

这出大戏的一部分发生在 Hyperliquid 上,这是一家去中心化交易所 (DEX),提供现货交易和永续合约交易(请参阅《DEX 的崛起》https://www.jinse.cn/blockchain/3716302.html)。从 8 月 20 日开始,一位比特币“鲸鱼”(大持有者)出售了约 35 亿美元的 BTC,并立即买入了约 34 亿美元的 ETH。虽然我们无法判断投资者的动机,但看到如此规模的风险转移发生在 DEX 而不是中心化交易所 (CEX) 上,还是令人鼓舞的。事实上,在本月交易量最大的一天,Hyperliquid 的现货交易量一度高于 Coinbase 的现货交易量(图表 3)。

图 3:高流动性现货交易量激增

以太坊

8月,加密货币交易所交易产品 (ETP)的净流入也体现出对 ETH 的类似偏好。在美国上市的现货BTC ETP 出现 7.55 亿美元的净流出,这是自 3 月以来首次出现净流出。相比之下,在美国上市的现货ETH ETP 继 7 月净流入 54 亿美元后,本月净流入 39 亿美元(图表 4)。在过去两个月 ETH 净流入激增之后,BTC 和 ETH ETP 均持有各自代币流通量超过 5% 的份额。

图 4:ETP 净流入转向 ETH

以太坊

比特币、以太币和许多其他加密资产也得到了数字资产财库(DAT)购买的支持。DAT是指上市公司,其资产负债表上持有加密货币,并作为股权投资者的准入工具。Strategy(原名 MicroStrategy)是持有量最大的比特币 DAT,它在 8 月份额外购买了 3,666 枚 BTC(约合 4 亿美元)。与此同时,两家最大的以太坊 DAT 共计购买了 170 万枚 ETH(约合 72 亿美元)。

据媒体报道,至少有三家新的 Solana DAT 正在筹备中,其中包括由 Pantera Capital 和 Galaxy Digital、Jump Crypto 和 Multicoin Capital 等财团赞助的价值超过 10 亿美元的投资工具。此外,特朗普媒体与科技集团宣布计划推出一款基于 CRO 代币的 DAT,该代币与 Crypto.com 及其 Cronos 区块链相关联。最近其他 DAT 公告主要集中在 Ethena 的 ENA 代币、Story Protocol 的 IP 代币以及币安智能链的 BNB 代币。

尽管发起人持续提供这些投资工具,但价格表现表明投资者需求可能已趋于饱和。为了衡量 DAT 的供需失衡,分析师通常会监测其“mNAV”,即公司市值与资产负债表上加密资产价值的比率。如果以公开股权工具形式存在的加密资产需求过剩(即 DAT 不足),mNAV 的交易价格可能会超过 1.0;如果以公开股权工具形式存在的加密资产供应过剩(即 DAT 过剩),mNAV 的交易价格可能会跌破 1.0。目前,一些大型DAT的 mNAV 似乎正在向 1.0 收敛,这表明 DAT 的供需正在趋于平衡(图表 5)。

图 5:DAT的估值溢价正在下降

以太坊

回归本源:看好比特币的理由

与所有资产类别一样,关于加密货币市场的公开讨论大多集中在短期问题上,例如监管变化、ETF 资金流动和 DAT。然而,退一步思考其核心投资理念或许会有所帮助。虽然加密货币领域包含许多不同的资产,但比特币的存在理由在于提供一种基于明确透明规则的货币资产和点对点支付系统,该系统独立于任何特定的个人或机构。最近,美联储独立性受到威胁,这再次提醒我们,为什么许多投资者对这些资产如此感兴趣。

就背景而言,大多数现代经济体都采用“法定”货币体系。这意味着货币没有明确的支撑(即不与任何商品或其他货币挂钩),其价值完全基于信任。纵观历史,各国政府屡屡利用这一特征来实现其短期目标(例如连任)。这可能导致通货膨胀,并降低人们对法定货币体系的信任度。

因此,要使法定货币有效,需要有一种方法来确保政府履行不利用该体系的承诺。美国和大多数发达市场经济体采用的方法是赋予央行明确的目标(通常以通胀目标的形式)和操作独立性。民选官员通常对央行进行一些监督,以确保民主问责。除了新冠疫情后通胀暂时飙升外,自20世纪90年代中期以来,这种明确的目标、操作独立性和民主问责体系在主要经济体实现了低通胀和稳定通胀(图表6)。

图6:独立的央行实现了低且稳定的通胀

以太坊

在美国,这一体系如今正面临压力。其根本驱动因素并非主要来自通货膨胀,而是赤字和利息支出。美国联邦政府目前的债务总额约为30万亿美元,相当于GDP的100%,尽管美国经济处于和平时期,失业率较低,但仍创下二战以来的最高水平。随着财政部以约4%的利率为债务进行再融资,债务利息支出持续上升,占用了原本可用于其他用途的资源(图表7)。

图 7:利息支出吞噬了更多联邦预算

以太坊

今年 7 月通过的《大漂亮法案》(OBBBA)将在未来 10 年锁定高赤字。除非利率下降,否则这将意味着更高的利息支出,并进一步挤占政府收入的其他用途。因此,白宫一再向美联储施压,要求其降低利率,并要求美联储主席鲍威尔辞职。8 月份,随着美联储七人理事会六名现任成员之一丽莎·库克被罢免,这些对美联储独立性的威胁进一步升级。尽管这可能在短期内对民选官员有所帮助,但美联储独立性减弱会增加长期高通胀和货币疲软的风险。

比特币是一种基于透明规则和可预测供应增长的货币体系。当投资者对保护法定货币体系的机构失去信心时,他们会转向值得信赖的替代货币。除非政策制定者采取措施加强支持法定货币的机构——以使投资者能够相信其长期维持低通胀和稳定通胀的承诺——否则对BTC的需求可能会持续上升。

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