ETH价格停滞背后:以太坊L1霸主地位岌岌可危?

marsbitОпубликовано 2024-10-16Обновлено 2024-10-17

以太坊赢得了 L1 之战吗?

现在显然可以说答案是否定的。这也是 $ETH 价格停滞的一个重要原因。

但在熊市期间,ETH 作为 ‘L1 胜者’ 是一种普遍的看法。我自己也学到了这一课。

我们都知道牛市会到来,因此很多人卖掉了他们的 alt-L1 资产,转而持有我们认为不会消失的两种资产:BTC 和 ETH。

所有其他 L1 本应因两个原因而逐渐被遗忘:

首先,alt-L1s 通过提供流动性挖矿奖励与同样的 forked 协议(如 Aave 和 Uniswap V2)竞争那些追求高收益的投机者。

在应用层上,除了以太坊之外,几乎没有什么创新。

Avalanche、BNB Chain、Polygon... 它们都差不多。它们唯一的区别是:"

  1. 更低的 gas 费用
  2. 更快的速度
  3. 品牌化
  4. 他们能提供多少代币作为流动性挖矿奖励。

其次,以太坊 L2 的新叙事随着 Optimism、Arbitrum 等的出现而兴起,承诺在不牺牲安全性的前提下带来可扩展性。

即使在熊市期间,它们表现也很出色,而 alt-L1s 则不断失去总锁仓量(TVL)和用户。

Alt-L1 陷入了巨大的困境,需要重塑自我。他们也确实这么做了

Solana 对以太坊的极端支持者来说是最大的打击。

SOL 因 FTX 崩盘受到沉重打击,但不仅恢复了,还打破了以太坊的 rollup 方法是唯一可行的扩展解决方案的幻象。

随着更多 L2 的推出,流动性和用户体验的碎片化问题加剧。随着每一个 L2 的推出,Solana 的单体架构变得更加有吸引力。

模块化与单体化的争论结束了“以太坊赢得 L1 之战”的叙事。

那些在熊市期间囤积 ETH 的投机者,现在继续抛售 ETH 换取 SOL 和其他 L1。

其他 L1 也进行了创新,现在相比几年前有了更清晰且多样化的愿景。

• Avalanche:刚刚推出了 Avax9000,允许为特定应用需求启动无需许可的 L1(而不是 L2)。

以太坊

与以太坊 L2 相比,Avax L1 受益于统一的跨链通信。而且 Avalanche 对主链的价值积累更加清晰。

Avax 最大的成功是《Off the Grid》游戏,证明了 Avalanche 的愿景正在实现。它还能复兴曾经流行的 GameFi 叙事。

以太坊

Near:确立了自己作为单体和模块化区块链的地位。Near 还通过统一的用户界面 (BOS) 向 L2 提供链抽象服务,支持 L2 账户聚合,并实现了以太坊放弃的分片技术。

以太坊

BNB Chain:推出了 opBNB L2 以降低费用,但更重要的升级是 BNB Greenfield,专注于数据和知识产权的货币化(DataFi)以及去中心化 AI(带有隐私保护的 LLM 训练)。

Fantom:通过 Sonic 升级进一步强化单体设计,带来 2000 TPS,而无需分片或 L2。目标是吸引新一代的 dApps。

Gnosis:构建我每天使用的金融 dApps。

以太坊

未能创新和适应的 L1 正在挣扎。

最明显的例子是 Cosmos。曾经是模块化区块链叙事的先驱,如今它正在失去用户、流动性和市场关注度。$ATOM 现在的交易价格已回到 2020/21 牛市之前的水平。

然而,像 Sui、Sei 和 Aptos 这样的新 L1 仍然受益于过去的“新亮眼 L1”策略。要想长期发展,它们需要创新并与众不同。

与此同时,今天的新 L2 类似于过去的 L1,交易费用几乎为零,除了品牌之外,几乎没有什么区别。

它们吸引了为空投而生的 forked 协议,但缺乏创新。随着空投热潮的减退和总锁仓量(TVL)的下降,L2 必须多样化并吸引独特的 dApps 才能生存。同时,其代币经济模型糟糕。

那些未能成功的可能会像 2020 年 DeFi 夏季的一些 EVM 链一样被抛弃。

不过我也看到了一些多样化的迹象:L2 互操作性联盟(OP 超链、zkSync Elastic 链等)、Base 受益于 Coinbase 的支持,以及 zkSync 支付数百万美元以吸引独特的 dApps。

总体而言,以太坊并不是 L1 之战的胜者。所有 L2 的价值积累尚不明确。

这对整个行业来说是件好事。

即使以太坊失败了,替代的 L1 仍在构建它们自己的未来。它们也提供了以太坊可能并不适用的用例。

现在也到了 L2 证明自身的时刻。

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