战况升级,揭秘以太坊 L2 战争现状

链捕手Опубликовано 2024-09-13Обновлено 2024-09-13

作者:Ceteris

编译:Luffy,Foresight News

 

去年在《基础设施年度展望》报告中,我专门写了一个「L2 战争」章节,其中阐述了我对 Rollup 领域的看法以及未来一年的趋势。主要观点如下:

  • Blast 是 Rollup 架构的混杂,并将导致「kumbaya」时期的结束。

  • L2 生态系统将变得更加碎片化和孤立,L2 都将推出自己的跨链 / 互操作性标准和 SDK 来启动新的链 /L3。

  • Rollup 需要使用替代性数据可用性层(DA)来扩展。

  • DA 作为价值累积来源将消失。DA 将迎来颠覆性创新,对 DA 收取溢价不再可行。

  • 以太坊的新牛市主题是「全局证明验证层和货币」。

  • DA 层的价值累积将受到限制。

  • 如果所有价值都汇集在排序层,那么 L2 代币的价值累积在理论上是正向的。

这篇文章的观点已经过时了。以太坊经历了重重危机,上面的这些观点现在已经被反复提起和讨论。甚至,你可以看到很大一部分以太坊社区将注意力转移到如何扩展 L1,而不再将价值让渡给 Rollup。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/ChainLinkGod/status/1832198208287863174

然而,每个人都在关注和讨论这一点,它就不再是真正的「alpha」或反向观点了。那么,我们今天看到了什么,接下来该怎么做呢?

Rollup 现状

首先是收入。以太坊的收入在 EIP-4844 后发生了什么变化?下面这张来自 Galaxy 的图表给出了直观的解答,DA 不再是以太坊经济的重要价值驱动因素。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

这完完全全是坏事吗?不!以太坊别无选择。正如我们所强调的,DA 经历了「颠覆性创新」,这意味着收取溢价变得更具挑战性。虽然我们确信以太坊仍然能够收取比其他 DA 层更高的费用,以便 Rollup 可以继承以太坊的完整安全性,但 Rollup 将在多大程度上做到这一点尚不清楚。共享 DA 层的主要好处是互操作性。通过共享 DA 层,跨链变得更安全,并且可以通过这种方式实现规模经济。同样,虽然这是关键好处,但没有人真正知道这种好处价值多少。Rollup 会支付 10 倍于其他 DA 层的费用吗?还是说 100 倍?这个问题有一个确切的答案,只是我们不知道它是多少。

因此,以太坊 DA 费用收入的减少是自然而然的,它别无选择。现在,有些人开始质疑以太坊 Rollup 路线图,以 Max Resnick 和 Doug Colkitt 为代表。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/0x doug/status/1831898285130330367 

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/MaxResnick1/status/1831764059664085461

既然现在大家对 DA 经历颠覆性创新对以太坊经济影响的看法一致,那么它注定要失败吗?

以太坊的前进之路

就像我们在年度展望报告中所说,以太坊的主题现在归结为「全球证明验证层和货币」。 这到底意味着什么?

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

好吧,这并不完全正确,但我们确实知道这意味着什么。以太坊是最去中心化和历史最悠久的基础层,这使其在资产发行和验证证明方面比所有其他区块链都具有竞争优势。即使经济效益不那么强劲,但以太坊仍然是一项优质资产。然而,除去所有执行工作后,以太坊会回到 EIP-1559 之前的经济模式,其中 ETH 大部分被回收利用。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/ceterispar1bus/status/1815855290577031247

这就是为什么我们开始看到很多人重新关注 L1 扩展,并让应用程序迁回到以太坊 L1。我们知道 L1 上的执行会产生费用。我们不知道的是世界是否会采用 ETH 作为货币。如果每个 Rollup 都使用 ETH 作为货币,那么它将成为像 BTC 一样在世界各地使用的非国家支持的货币。对我来说,这是一个乐观且可能的结果,挑战在于 Vitalik、Justin Drake、你或我是否认为 ETH 是货币在很大程度上无关紧要。

ETH 会成为世界货币吗?

我们回到之前的问题:为什么人们试图再次扩展 L1 规模并提高 L1 费用?这是否正确?Theia 的 Felipe 认为,如果我们只是根据 MEV 和费用对 L1 代币进行估值,那么它们无论如何都会归零,因此唯一能证明其估值合理的东西就是成为「新兴市场储备资产」,即「货币」。我支持这个观点。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/TheiaResearch/status/1829508309696786700

最后,Wei Dai 认为,要使以 Rollup 为中心的路线图在经济上可行,以太坊需要为 L2 提供网络效应,有两种方式:

  • 基于排序提供可组合性和抗审查性。

  • 更强大的共享结算,其中 L2 发行的资产也可以在其他 L2 上使用,以消除碎片化。

这是让以太坊长期发挥作用的唯一方法。

战况升级,揭秘以太坊L2战争现状

https://twitter.com/_weidai/status/1830488020556083533

我认为以上所有观点都是可行的,但我不知道真正的答案是什么。有一种观点认为,如果以太坊再次专注于扩展 L1,那么它只会变成「更糟糕的 Solana」,因为以太坊永远无法在 L1 执行方面与 Solana 竞争。我认为没有人真正知道结果,人们只是相信不同的东西。最终,市场将决定什么是有价值的。

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