美股潮向(8 月 18 日):美伊协议前景暗淡,三大指数两连阴,芯片股逆市走强

marsbitPublished on 2026-08-18Last updated on 2026-08-18

Abstract

美股三大指数连续第二日收跌,道指创两周新低,标普500和纳指也同步下跌。市场主要受美伊谈判谅解备忘录到期、长期协议前景暗淡等地缘政治风险影响,避险情绪升温推动油价、黄金及美债收益率上行。布伦特原油站上90美元关口,30年期美债收益率创2007年以来新高。 尽管“科技七巨头”全线收跌,但芯片股逆市走强,费城半导体指数反弹1.6%,重返牛市区间。存储芯片股和光通信股表现尤为突出,主要受AI芯片需求逻辑强化推动,资金从大型科技股转向AI硬件等更具确定性的细分领域。 美元指数连续第三日下跌,离岸人民币创三年多新高。黄金受避险需求推动收创逾两个月新高。市场短期焦点仍将集中于美伊局势发展及企业财报(如百度)对市场情绪的指引。

撰文:潮向研究

美伊谈判窗口到期、长期协议前景暗淡,美股三大指数连续第二日收跌,道指收创两周新低。标普 500 跌 0.52%报 7745.06 点,道指跌 0.51%报 53459.78 点,纳指跌 0.32%报 26644.911 点。VIX 报 17.42,涨 6.48%。“科技七巨头”全线收跌,Meta 跌 3.5%领跌。但存储芯片股和光通信股逆市走高,费城半导体指数反弹 1.6%,重返牛市区间。中东风险推动美债收益率继续上行,30 年期美债收益率创 2007 年以来新高。美伊协议前景助涨原油,布伦特原油三周来首次收盘站上 90 美元关口。黄金收创逾两月新高。美元指数三连跌,离岸人民币盘中涨破 6.74,创三年多新高。市场主线清晰,地缘风险升温推高油价和避险资产,但 AI 芯片需求逻辑仍在强化,资金在存储和光通信上持续加仓。

美伊谈判窗口到期,长期协议前景暗淡,油价站上 90 美元

周一最核心的宏观变量是地缘政治。美伊谈判的谅解备忘录窗口到期,双方未达成延期协议。特朗普表示不着急结束伊朗战争,不寻求延长美伊谅解备忘录,称伊方“不会达成我认为必要的那种协议”,并警告若阿曼阻碍谈判将“狠狠轰炸”。伊朗方面同样强硬,排除延长谅解备忘录可能,称已为美国履约设最后期限。

双方立场差距没有收窄迹象,油价应声大涨。WTI 9 月原油期货收涨 2.55%报 84.50 美元/桶,创本月内新高;布伦特 10 月原油期货收涨 2.65%报 90.87 美元/桶,三周来首次收盘站上 90 美元关口。

中东产油国通过关闭应答器穿越霍尔木兹海峡秘密运送原油的“暗航”仍在持续,据称日均运量超过 400 万桶,但这一隐秘供应链并未完全抵消地缘风险溢价。油价短期内的上行动力仍然来自政治层面,而不是来自供需基本面。

30 年期美债收益率创 2007 年新高,美债抛售潮延续

美债收益率继续上行。30 年期美债收益率一度升破 5.31%,创 2007 年以来新高。10 年期美债收益率约为 4.72%,日内升约 3 个基点;2 年期美债收益率约为 4.18%,日内升约 1 个基点。

推动长端收益率上行的核心因素是供给压力。企业为支撑 AI 热潮大规模发债,8 月美国投资级债券发行量已达 1452 亿美元,超过 2020 年 8 月创下的 1360 亿美元月度纪录。同时美国政府近 2 万亿美元的年度财政赤字持续推升国债供给。

海外主要持有国也在减持。美国财政部数据显示,6 月中日领衔海外抛售美国国债,中日英三大“债主”均减持。中国持仓在 5 月反弹后环比下降 259 亿美元至 6334 亿美元,创 2008 年以来新低。

美银 Hartnett 在最新研报中表示,美国国债逼近 40 万亿美元关口,AI 融资狂潮推动企业债供给同比激增 61%,正结构性挤出国债买家,债务利息支出已达 1.4 万亿美元。Hartnett 认为,做多黄金是对抗美元贬值、债券崩溃与政治风险的最佳对冲。

芯片指数重返牛市,存储股和光通信股逆市领涨

美债收益率上行压制了七巨头,但 AI 芯片需求逻辑独立的半导体板块却逆市走强。费城半导体指数反弹 1.6%,此轮熊市仅持续 21 天,为 2020 年 3 月以来最短。

存储芯片股表现最为强势。闪迪收涨近 9%,西部数据涨超 5%。美光五日累涨 17.5%。市场认为,Anthropic 与 OpenAI 近期披露的亮眼财务数据是芯片股当前最重要的催化剂,AI 芯片需求能见度提升。

光通信股同步走强。Coherent 收涨近 8%,Lumentum 涨 4.6%。AI 数据中心对高速光互联的需求仍在持续验证,资金在宏观不确定性中继续向确定性更高的 AI 硬件细分领域集中。

SpaceX 反弹逾 4%。此前 SpaceX 因资本开支担忧连续承压,周一的反弹显示市场对 AI 基础设施投资的长期逻辑仍有信心。

七巨头全线收跌,芯片与七巨头走势进一步分化

“科技七巨头”周一全线收跌,成为拖累大盘的主要力量。Meta 跌 3.5%领跌,其余六家跌幅相对温和。

七巨头集体走弱的背景是美债收益率持续上行。长端利率走高对高估值成长股的估值折现率形成压力,资金在宏观不确定性中暂时从大型科技股撤出。

但资金的撤出并不是系统性离场,芯片指数走强显示,资金只是在科技板块内部做了切换,从七巨头换到了确定性更高的 AI 硬件细分领域。

美元三连跌人民币创三年新高,黄金受避险需求推动站上两月新高

美元指数连续第三日下跌,盘中创逾两个月新低。离岸人民币盘中涨破 6.74,创三年多新高。黄金收创逾两个月新高,盘中涨超 1%,COMEX 8 月黄金期货收涨 0.85%报 4417.8 美元/盎司。美债收益率上行通常对黄金构成压力,但地缘风险升温带来的避险需求压过了利率因素。

比特币盘中涨破 6.4 万美元,较日低涨 3%。数字资产在美元走弱的背景下获得支撑。COMEX 8 月白银期货收涨 1.74%报 66.121 美元/盎司。

今日关注

周二市场的焦点有两个方向。

一是美伊局势的后续发展。谅解备忘录到期后,双方是否会有新的接触或对抗升级,将直接影响油价和风险资产的走势。特朗普“不着急结束伊朗战争”的表态显示地缘风险溢价短期内难以消除。

二是百度财报及电话会。AI 大模型对云业务的拉动效应、广告业务的复苏节奏是核心看点。在金龙指数连续跑输的背景下,百度的财报将检验全球资金对中概股的态度是否出现边际变化。

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Related Questions

Q8月18日美股三大指数表现如何?导致其连续收跌的主要宏观因素是什么?

A8月18日,美股三大指数连续第二日收跌。其中,标普500指数跌0.52%,道琼斯工业指数跌0.51%,纳斯达克指数跌0.32%。导致其下跌的主要宏观因素是地缘政治风险升温,具体表现为美伊谈判谅解备忘录窗口到期,双方未达成延期协议,长期协议前景暗淡,推高了市场避险情绪。

Q在整体市场下跌的背景下,哪些板块逆市走强?核心驱动逻辑是什么?

A在整体市场下跌的背景下,芯片股,尤其是存储芯片股(如闪迪、西部数据、美光)和光通信股(如Coherent, Lumentum)逆市走强,费城半导体指数反弹1.6%。其核心驱动逻辑是AI芯片需求的确定性增强,特别是Anthropic与OpenAI近期披露的亮眼财务数据,提升了市场对AI芯片需求的能见度,资金因此向确定性更高的AI硬件细分领域集中。

Q文章中提到30年期美债收益率创下新高,其原因有哪些?

A30年期美债收益率创下2007年以来新高,主要原因有三点:一是供给压力,企业为支撑AI热潮大规模发债,美国政府巨额财政赤字持续推升国债供给;二是海外主要持有国(如中国、日本、英国)在减持美国国债;三是美银分析师指出的结构性因素,AI融资狂潮推动的企业债供给激增,正结构性挤出国债买家。

Q油价(布伦特原油)为何能站上90美元关口?

A布伦特原油期货收盘站上90美元/桶关口,主要是受地缘政治风险推动。美伊谈判窗口到期且前景暗淡,双方立场强硬,增加了中东地区的紧张局势和石油供应风险,从而推高了原油的地缘风险溢价。文章指出,油价短期上行动力主要来自政治层面,而非供需基本面。

Q美元、人民币和黄金在8月18日的市场表现如何?背后的推动力是什么?

A美元指数连续第三日下跌,盘中创逾两个月新低。离岸人民币对美元汇率盘中涨破6.74,创三年多新高。黄金价格收创逾两个月新高。背后的主要推动力是:美元走弱为人民币和黄金提供了支撑;同时,尽管美债收益率上行通常利空黄金,但美伊地缘风险升温带来的强烈避险需求压过了利率因素,推动黄金上涨。

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