沃什重创"美元贬值交易"!黄金崩了,比特币重挫,芯片狂欢还能撑多久?

华尔街日报Published on 2026-06-25Last updated on 2026-06-25

Abstract

主导今年华尔街行情的“美元贬值交易”正急速瓦解。美联储主席凯文·沃什的鹰派立场强化了市场加息预期,叠加美元大幅走强,对黄金、白银与比特币形成双重压制。黄金跌破每盎司4000美元,白银跌破60美元,比特币也跌破6万美元关口。与此同时,大量资金正从贵金属等领域撤出,转而涌入半导体板块。 市场认为,沃什将物价稳定置于优先位置,表明其将采取更激进的抗通胀姿态。强势美元提高了海外买家持有以美元计价贵金属的成本,而加息预期则抬高了持有这些非生息资产的机会成本。 尽管美光科技盘后发布超预期季报,暂时稳住了芯片板块的情绪,但多名市场人士警告,当前芯片行情波动极端,已呈现出历史顶部的若干特征。有分析指出,半导体股短期内市值剧烈波动的情形在历史上往往出现在市场重大转折点附近。同时,月末、季末及长假临近可能引发大规模资金换仓,而内部人士减持和新股发行消耗流动性等因素,也加剧了市场对芯片狂欢可持续性的质疑。 总体而言,美元走强和美联储政策预期的转变是引发本轮资产重定价的核心原因,市场正在迅速调整对“美元贬值交易”逻辑的依赖。

主导今年华尔街行情的"美元贬值交易"正急速瓦解。美联储主席凯文·沃什(Kevin Warsh)的鹰派立场强化了市场对加息的预期,叠加美元大幅走强形成双重压制,黄金、白银与比特币相继失守关键价位;与此同时,大量资金正从贵金属撤出转投半导体板块,而这场芯片狂欢的可持续性已引发市场越来越强烈的质疑。

本周三,黄金跌破每盎司4000美元,为约八个月来首次,距今年1月约5600美元的历史高点已下跌约29%;白银跌破每盎司60美元,较121美元的峰值回落逾50%;比特币同步跌破6万美元,为2024年底以来新低。美元指数(DXY)本月累计上涨2.8%,收于逾14个月高位,有望录得近一年最大月度涨幅。

推动局面急转直下的关键节点,是沃什在主持美联储新闻发布会时将物价稳定置于压倒一切的优先位置,令市场进一步确信他将采取更为激进的抗通胀姿态。强势美元令以美元计价的贵金属对海外买家更显昂贵,而不断上升的加息预期直接抬高了持有不生息资产的机会成本。

美光科技盘后发布超预期季报,暂时遏制了芯片板块的抛售情绪,SK海力士等韩国芯片股亦随之反弹。然而,多名市场人士警告,这场伴随极端波动的芯片行情已呈现出历史顶部的若干特征。

"美元贬值交易"的逻辑建立于对财政挥霍和央行纵容通胀的担忧之上,近年来持续推动黄金、白银与比特币上行。今年1月沃什被提名为美联储主席,当日黄金即急跌逾13%,创四十余年来最大单日跌幅,比特币随后崩溃,而美元在经历长期下行后触底反弹——市场以价格投票,表明沃什的鹰派信誉从一开始就被认真对待。

布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)的Robin Brooks认为,贬值交易的根源在于财政政策失当,货币政策不过是"帮凶":当政策制定者试图以通胀稀释难以为继的债务时,才不得不开动印钞机。这一框架解释了为何市场对美联储人选如此敏感,也解释了沃什在首次新闻发布会上强调物价稳定为何足以引发如此剧烈的资产重定价。

SPI资产管理公司执行合伙人Stephen Innes表示,沃什的首次公开亮相已令市场相信他正在采取更为强硬的抗通胀路线。以黄金计价的标普500指数——衡量经济增长究竟源于实质扩张还是货币贬值的经典指标——在三个月前便已显著向上逆转,显示市场对贬值叙事的信心已然崩解。值得注意的是,中东停火协议的达成也为美元提供了额外推力。

本轮贵金属跌势,是今年初历史性行情的戏剧性逆转。今年早些时候,黄金一度飙升至约每盎司5600美元的纪录高位,白银突破121美元,两者的涨势甚至超越"科技七巨头",成为华尔街最拥挤的动量交易。如今,这一盛景已成过去。

Amplify ETFs产品开发副总裁Nate Miller指出,收益率和美元双双走强提高了持有金属的机会成本;而白银由于同时兼具贵金属与工业原材料的双重属性,在宏观收紧时期的跌幅往往比黄金更为剧烈——这正是本轮白银跌速如此之猛的原因。

IDX Advisors首席投资官Ben McMillan认为,加息预期与流动性清仓是黄金大跌的"主要元凶",但他同时将当前回调视为"代际买入机会"。Zaner Metals副总裁、高级贵金属策略师Peter Grant预计,黄金下一个关键支撑位在每盎司3800美元,年内有望反弹至4500美元;但若要重建市场对黄金刷新历史高点的信心,则需重回4800美元上方。

比特币跌破6万美元,与美元指数触及逾14个月新高之间的反向走势,再度印证了两者之间的长期负相关逻辑。

渣打银行策略师Steven Englander指出,实际与名义利率差异已成为5月初以来美元走强的主要驱动力,预计美联储将维持利率不变,而欧洲央行在明年上半年仍有一次降息空间,美欧利差将持续支撑美元,令比特币面临持续性逆风。

StoneX Financial的Vincent Deluard警告,中东停火虽缓解了油价冲击,但通胀不会顺利回归2%目标,而将在3.5%至4%区间长期高位盘整。

Apollo Global首席经济学家Torsten Slok则提出了一个反直觉的情景:油价下跌可能相当于一次减税,进一步刺激本已过热的总需求,反而推升通胀,为美联储加息提供依据——该路径一旦成真,将令贬值交易进一步承压。

Nationwide投资管理集团首席市场策略师Mark Hackett指出,一批规模庞大且高度协调的资金,正将大额头寸从加密货币、迷因股和贵金属集体迁移至半导体股,三星电子和SK海力士等韩国芯片制造商已成为本轮换仓的主要目的地。

他对MarketWatch表示,美元走强是贵金属抛售的导火索,而美联储政策预期变化是美元走强的根本原因。"但这几乎是被当作借口,让投资者集体清仓贵金属,"他说。

美光科技盘后季报打消了芯片板块的短期抛售压力:公司营收指引超出预期,盈利亦大幅好于预期,其12个月滚动盈利在两个季度内翻了四倍,盘后市值重返约1.4万亿美元。此前因宣布将集中生产低利润率DRAM内存芯片而引发抛售的SK海力士,也随之获得提振——尽管该公司同日披露了高达290亿美元的美国股票发行计划。

然而,极端波动本身已是警示信号。Bear Traps Report的Larry McDonald指出,半导体股在数小时内市值波动超千亿美元的情形极为罕见,历史上通常只出现在市场重大顶部或底部附近。

BCA Research建议结束今年以来已累计翻逾一倍的多头策略——即做多新兴市场半导体、做空为其买单的"科技七巨头"超大规模云计算企业。BCA指出,韩国综合股价指数(Kospi)一个月隐含波动率已超越历史峰值,而历史上这一水平往往出现于"股市熊市底部而非历史高点",显示当前行情是由"高度投机性力量放大驱动"的顶部特征。

McDonald还警告,月末、季末叠加美国长假周末临近,历史上此类时间节点往往伴随大规模资金换仓与夏季行情低迷;密集的新股发行将消耗市场承接流动性的能力,而内部人士的大规模减持往往是顶部将至的前兆。对于仍持有芯片多头头寸的投资者,美光科技盘后走强或许提供了一个相对较好的高位退出时机。

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Related Questions

Q文章中提到的'美元贬值交易'瓦解的主要原因是什么?

A主要原因有两个:一是美联储主席凯文·沃什的鹰派立场强化了市场加息预期,二是美元大幅走强,两者形成双重压制。沃什强调将物价稳定置于压倒一切的位置,表明他将采取更激进的抗通胀姿态,这直接打击了'美元贬值交易'的核心逻辑。

Q美元走强和金价下跌是如何关联的?

A两者主要通过两个渠道关联:首先,美元走强使得以美元计价的黄金对海外买家来说变得更昂贵,从而抑制需求。其次,美联储加息预期上升,提高了持有黄金这类不生息资产的机会成本。文章中提到的'以黄金计价的标普500指数'的逆转,也表明市场对货币贬值推动资产上涨的信心已经崩解。

Q为什么白银的跌幅在本轮行情中比黄金更为剧烈?

A白银同时兼具贵金属和工业原材料的双重属性。在宏观政策收紧时期(如加息预期升温),其作为贵金属的一面会像黄金一样因机会成本上升而承压;同时,紧缩政策可能抑制经济增长和工业需求,从而打击其作为工业原料的一面。双重压力导致白银在类似宏观环境下通常比黄金跌得更快更猛。

Q哪些迹象表明当前的芯片(半导体)板块狂欢可能已接近顶部?

A文章中指出了多个警示信号:1. 极端波动:半导体股市值在数小时内波动超千亿美元,历史上通常出现在市场重大顶部或底部。2. 投机性驱动:韩国综合股价指数(Kospi)一个月隐含波动率已超越历史峰值,这在历史上多出现于顶部。3. 资金流向:大规模协调资金正从加密货币、迷因股、贵金属集体迁移至半导体股,这种集中换仓往往是行情后期的特征。4. 内部人减持和市场时机:密集新股发行消耗流动性,内部人士大规模减持,以及月末、季末、长假等时间节点,历史上常伴随行情转折。

QApollo Global首席经济学家Torsten Slok提出了一个什么样的反直觉情景?

ATorsten Slok提出,油价下跌可能相当于一次减税,这会进一步刺激本已过热的总需求,反而可能推升通胀水平。这个结果将为美联储提供继续加息或维持高利率的依据。如果这个路径成为现实,将进一步强化紧缩的货币政策和强势美元,从而使建立在货币贬值和通胀预期上的'美元贬值交易'承受更大压力。

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