Coinglass报告解读比特币“生死线”:96K成多空战场,ETF资金撤退背后是机遇还是陷阱?

marsbitPublished on 2025-12-03Last updated on 2025-12-04

摘要

  • 比特币稳定在真实市场均值(True Market Mean)之上,但更广泛的市场结构现在类似于 2022 年第一季度,有超过 25% 的供应处于亏损状态。
  • 资本动能保持积极,支持盘整,尽管远低于 2025 年中期的峰值。
  • 0.75–0.85 分位数区间(96.1K 美元–106K 美元)是恢复市场结构的关键区域;跌破将增加下行风险。
  • ETF 资金流向转负,现货累计交易量差(CVD)回落,表明需求正在减弱。
  • 期货未平仓合约下降,资金费率重置为中性,反映出规避风险的立场。
  • 期权市场表现为隐含波动率(IV)压缩、偏度(skew)走软,资金流从看跌期权转向谨慎的看涨期权卖出。
  • 期权似乎被低估了,已实现波动率超过了隐含波动率,给卖空 Gamma(short-gamma)的交易者带来压力。

总的来说,市场依然脆弱,除非宏观冲击打破平衡,否则市场依赖于是否能守住关键的成本基础区域。

期权链上洞察

筑底还是崩溃?

在过去两周,比特币价格下跌并找到了一个被称为真实市场均值(True Market Mean)的关键估值锚点附近的支撑——这是所有非休眠币(不包括矿工)的成本基础。这个水平通常标志着温和看跌阶段与深度熊市之间的分界线。尽管价格最近稳定在该阈值之上,但更广泛的市场结构正日益呼应 2022 年第一季度的动态。

使用供应分位数成本基础模型(Supply Quantiles Cost Basis Model)(该模型跟踪顶级买家持有的供应集群的成本基础),这种相似性变得更加清晰。自 11 月中旬以来,现货价格已跌破 0.75 分位数,目前在 96.1K 美元附近交易,使得超过 25% 的供应处于亏损状态。

这在顶级买家投降的风险和卖家疲惫形成底部的潜力之间创造了一种脆弱的平衡。然而,在市场能够重新夺回 0.85 分位数(约 $106.2K)作为支撑之前,当前结构仍然对宏观冲击高度敏感。

期权

痛苦占主导地位

基于这种结构性观点,我们可以通过“处于亏损的总供应量”(Total Supply in Loss)来放大观察顶级买家的供应情况,以衡量亏损的主导程度,即未实现痛苦。

该指标的 7 日简单移动平均线(7D-SMA)上周攀升至 710 万 BTC——这是自 2023 年 9 月以来的最高水平——突显出两年多的牛市价格扩张现在正面临两个浅层的底部形成阶段。

当前处于亏损状态的供应规模(介于 500 万至 700 万 BTC 之间),与 2022 年初的横盘市场惊人地相似,进一步强化了上述的相似性。这种比较再次强调了真实市场均值是区分温和看跌阶段和过渡到更明确熊市的关键门槛。

期权

动能仍为正值

尽管与 2022 年第一季度有很强的相似性,但流入比特币的资本动能仍略微保持正值,这有助于解释真实市场均值附近的支撑以及随后回升至 90K 美元以上。

这种资本动能可以通过已实现市值净变化(Net Change in Realized Cap)来衡量,目前它处于每月 +86.9 亿美元的水平——远低于 2025 年 7 月峰值的 643 亿美元/月,但仍是正值。

只要资本动能保持在零以上,真实市场均值就可以继续作为盘整区和潜在的筑底区域,而不是更深层次下跌的开始。

期权

长期持有者利润率消退

保持在正资本流入的制度中,意味着新需求仍能吸收长期投资者的获利了结。长期持有者 SOPR(30D-SMA,衡量活跃支出长期持有者的现货价格与成本基础之比)随着价格急剧下降,但仍保持在 1 以上(目前为 1.43)。这种新兴的利润率趋势再次与 2022 年第一季度的结构相呼应:长期持有者继续在盈利中卖出,但利润率正在缩小。

尽管需求动能在 2022 年初相比更强劲,但流动性持续走低,这使得多头必须守住真实市场均值上方,直到新一波需求进入市场。

期权

链下洞察

ETF 需求减弱

转到现货市场,美国比特币 ETF 的净流入显着恶化,其 3 日平均值在整个 11 月坚定地滑入了负值区域。这标志着打破了今年早些时候支撑价格的持续流入状态,反映出新资本配置的降温。

资金流出广泛分布于各发行商,表明随着市场条件走弱,机构参与者采取了更为谨慎的立场。现货市场目前面临需求减弱的背景,这削弱了即时的买方支撑,使得价格对外部冲击和宏观驱动的波动更加敏感。

期权

现货买盘减弱

在 ETF 需求恶化的基础上,累计交易量差(CVD)在主要交易所也已回落,币安和聚合交易平台都持续呈负面趋势。

这表明吃单方驱动的抛售压力稳步增加,交易者为了降低风险而不是积累而跨越买卖价差。即使是通常被视为美国买盘强弱风向标的 Coinbase 也已持平,表明现货方面的信念普遍退缩。

期权

随着 ETF 资金流和现货 CVD 偏向转为防御性,市场现在依赖于更薄弱的需求基础,使价格更容易受到持续下跌和宏观驱动的波动性的影响。

未平仓合约持续下滑

将这种需求减弱的态势延伸到衍生品市场,期货未平仓合约在 11 月下旬持续稳步下降。尽管解除是平稳的,但却是持续的,抹去了此前上涨趋势中积累的大部分投机性头寸。由于没有有意义的新杠杆进入市场,交易者似乎不愿表达方向性信念,而是倾向于在价格走低时采取保守、规避风险的立场。

衍生品综合体现在处于明显更轻的杠杆状态,表明投机意愿明显缺失,并降低了由清算驱动的剧烈波动性发生的可能性。

期权

中性资金费率标志着重置

随着未平仓合约持续收缩,永续资金费率已冷却至大致中性区域,在 11 月下旬大部分时间里围绕零波动。这标志着与先前扩张期间观察到的高企正资金费率相比,出现了明显的转变,表明超额的多头头寸已基本平仓。重要的是,温和的负资金费率期仍然短暂而短暂,表明尽管价格下跌,交易者并没有积极地建立空头头寸。

这种中性到略微负面的资金结构表明衍生品市场更加平衡,缺乏拥挤的多头头寸,减少了下行脆弱性,并可能为需求开始稳定时更具建设性的定位奠定基础。

期权

隐含波动率(IV)全线重置

转到期权市场,隐含波动率(IV)为了解交易者如何为未来不确定性定价提供了一个清晰的窗口。作为一个起点,跟踪隐含波动率是有用的,因为它反映了市场对未来价格变动的预期。隐含波动率在上周读数高企后已重置走低。价格难以突破 92K 的阻力位,且反弹缺乏后续动力,促使波动率卖方重新介入,将隐含波动率全线推低:

  • 短期合约从 57% 降至 48%
  • 中期合约从 52% 降至 45%
  • 长期合约从 49% 降至 47%

这种持续的下降表明交易者认为急剧下行的可能性降低,并预期近期环境会更平静。

这次重置也标志着向更中立立场的转变,市场正从上周的高度谨慎中走出来。

期权

看跌偏度(Skew)缓和

在观察了隐含波动率之后,偏度(skew)有助于澄清交易者如何评估下行风险与上行风险。它衡量看跌期权和看涨期权隐含波动率之间的差异。

当偏度为正时,交易者为下行保护支付溢价;当偏度为负时,他们为上行敞口支付更多。偏度的方向与水平同样重要。

例如,8% 的短期偏度如果是在两天内从 18% 下降而非从负值上升,则传达了截然不同的信息。

短期偏度在周一(由日本债券叙事驱动的跌至 84.5K 期间)从 18.6% 移动到反弹时的 8.4%。

这表明最初的反应被夸大了。较长期限的合约调整较慢,表明交易者愿意追逐短期上行,但对其持久性仍不确定。

期权

恐惧消退

资金流数据显示,过去七天与随后的反弹之间形成了鲜明的对比。

本周早些时候,活动主要由看跌期权买入主导,反映了对重演 2024 年 8 月价格走势的恐惧,该走势与对潜在日本套利交易解除的担忧有关。由于这种风险以前曾被经历过,市场已经对这种蔓延可能波及多广以及通常会随之而来的恢复有了感觉。一旦价格稳定,资金流迅速转变:反弹带来了对看涨期权活动的果断倾斜,几乎完美地逆转了在压力期间看到的模式。

值得注意的是,交易商在当前水平上仍持有净多头 Gamma,并且可能会持续到 12 月 26 日(今年最大的到期日)。这种头寸通常会抑制价格波动。一旦该到期日过去,头寸将重置,市场将以一套新的动态进入 2026 年。

期权

期权

10 万美元看涨期权溢价演变

关注 10 万美元行权价的看涨期权溢价有助于弄清交易者如何对待这个关键的心理水平。在图表的右侧,看涨期权卖出溢价仍高于看涨期权买入溢价,并且在过去 48 小时的反弹中,两者之间的差距有所扩大。这种扩大表明,收复 10 万美元的信念仍然有限。该水平很可能会吸引阻力,尤其是在向上移动时隐含波动率压缩,向下移动时隐含波动率重建的情况下。这种模式强化了隐含波动率在当前范围内的均值回归行为。

溢价概况还显示,交易者并没有在 FOMC 会议之前建立激进突破的头寸。相反,资金流反映了一种更谨慎的立场,上行被卖出而非被追逐。因此,最近的复苏缺乏挑战 10 万美元这一重要水平通常所需的信念。

期权

波动率被低估

当我们把隐含波动率的重置与本周双向的剧烈波动结合起来看时,结果是负的波动率风险溢价。波动率风险溢价通常是正的,因为交易者要求对波动率飙升的风险进行补偿。没有这种溢价,做空波动率的交易者就无法将其承担的风险货币化。

在当前水平,隐含波动率低于已实现波动率,这意味着期权定价的波动小于市场实际交付的波动。这为做多Gamma头寸创造了有利环境,因为每次价格摆动都可能带来收益,只要实际波动超过了期权价格所隐含的预期。

期权

结论

比特币继续在一个结构脆弱的环境中交易,链上弱势与需求萎缩,与更为谨慎的衍生品格局相交织。价格已暂时稳定在“真实市场均值”之上,但更广泛的结构目前与2022年第一季度高度相似:超过25%的供应处于水下,已实现亏损增加,对宏观冲击的敏感性升高。尽管远弱于今年早些时候,但正的资本动能仍是防止市场更深层次崩溃的少数建设性信号之一。

链外指标强化了这种防御性基调。ETF资金流已转为净流出,现货CVD指标回落,期货未平仓合约持续有序减少。资金费率接近中性,既未反映看涨信心,也未体现积极的做空压力。在期权市场,隐含波动率压缩,偏度趋软,资金流向逆转,且期权目前相对于实际波动率定价偏低,这传递出的是谨慎而非重新燃起的风险偏好。

展望未来,坚守在0.75-0.85分位数区间(96.1K-106K美元)内,对于稳定市场结构、降低年底前的下行脆弱性至关重要。反之,“真实市场均值”仍是最有可能的底部形成区域,除非负面的宏观催化剂扰乱市场本已微妙的平衡。

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