Cipher Mining、Iren飙升,币圈“血流成河”之际,比特币矿商却“因AI暴涨”

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-04Last updated on 2025-11-04

比特币矿企的估值逻辑正被彻底重塑。随着AI对算力的需求呈爆炸式增长,这些昔日的加密货币淘金者正凭借其现成的电力基础设施,迅速转型为科技巨头青睐的算力供应商,其股价表现已与波动的加密市场显著脱钩。

周一,比特币矿商Iren宣布与微软达成一项价值97亿美元、为期五年的云服务协议,将使用英伟达先进的Blackwell系列GPU提供算力。紧随其后,Cipher Mining也披露了与亚马逊云服务(AWS)签订的一份为期五年、价值55亿美元的协议,为其提供300兆瓦的电力容量。

这些与科技巨头的重磅合作,立即引爆了市场。周一交易中,Iren股价大涨11.5%,Cipher Mining股价更是飙升22%,盘中均创下新高。

值得注意的是,这一轮暴涨发生之际,比特币价格跌破107000美元,凸显出市场对这些公司的新定位——不再是单纯的比特币生产商,而是AI浪潮下的关键基础设施供应商。

挖矿经济恶化推动转型

比特币矿企转型的紧迫性源于挖矿经济的持续恶化。去年的比特币减半将矿工奖励从6.25个比特币削减至3.125个,网络难度上升和交易费用不足进一步挤压利润率。

根据哈希价格指数,比特币矿工的收益指标逼近历史低点。即使比特币近期创下历史高位,也未能显著改善矿企的单位收益。

TheMinerMag的分析师指出,包括Riot Platforms、Iren和Bitfarms在内的多家矿企已表示,近期不会扩张其挖矿算力。

在此背景下,向AI/HPC转型成为一条极具吸引力的出路。Bitdeer市场资本与战略副总裁Jeff LaBerge直言:“对Bitdeer而言,AI/HPC是挖矿的补充替代方案。” 资本市场也正以远高于传统矿企的估值倍数,奖励这些聚焦AI业务的数据中心运营商,进一步加速了行业的转型步伐。

估值模型正在发生根本性转变

比特币矿企的股价正越来越多地反映其在高性能计算(HPC)和AI领域的前景,而非其挖矿业务本身。

投行Needham & Co.分析师John Todaro指出,“投资者几乎完全基于HPC/AI的机会对这些公司进行估值。在我们与矿企的对话中,实际涉及比特币和比特币挖矿的比例不到10%。”

市场的这种重新定价逻辑,在股价上得到了清晰体现。追踪上市比特币矿企的基金今年已飙升超过150%,远超同期比特币约14%的涨幅。个股表现更为惊人,截至10月31日,Iren的股价在2025年内已暴涨519%,而Cipher Mining的股价也翻了超过四倍。

这一估值差异的核心在于,比特币矿企拥有AI公司急需的稀缺资源:已并网的电力。在AI算力需求井喷导致电力短缺的背景下,这些现成的电力和场地资源价值凸显,使它们成为了“最快获得电力、执行风险最低”的选择。

矿企的核心竞争力:“立即供电”的能力

比特币矿场相对于新建数据中心的最大优势在于时间。

摩根士丹利在一份报告中指出,这些矿场拥有已获批准的电网连接和大规模电力供应能力,可以绕开新建数据中心通常需要耗时数年才能完成的“大负荷互联”审批流程。这种“立即供电”的能力,在当前环境下至关重要。

数据显示,美国比特币矿企除了拥有约6.3吉瓦的已运营站点和2.5吉瓦的在建产能外,还有8.6吉瓦已获得电网接入许可的开发项目。将这些站点改造为AI数据中心的建设周期约为18至24个月,能快速响应市场需求。

与此同时,美国正面临严峻的数据中心电力缺口。根据预测,到2028年,美国数据中心开发者仍将面临约5至15吉瓦的电力短缺。施耐德电气的调查报告也证实,“获取电力”已成为数据中心项目延期的首要原因。在此背景下,比特币矿企现成的电力资源成为了无可比拟的核心竞争力。

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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