离百万美元只差一个周期?比特币进入新倒计时

比推Published on 2025-10-10Last updated on 2025-10-10

作者:深潮 TechFlow


为期一天的币安人生狂欢结束了。

情绪消退后,少数人拿到了大结果,多数人陷入了懊悔和自省。

与这种大热 Meme 没上对车的短期遗憾相比,长期拿不住 BTC 并获取稳健收益,则是另一种隔一阵子就会出现一次的「循环式」遗憾。

比如国庆假期期间,下面这张预言图在社媒讨论中频繁出现。即使是 3 年前买了 BTC 不放手,到现在依然有不错的收益。

稳健投资者或许依然关心:作为加密市场的风向标,BTC 还能涨到多高?

之前,MicroStrategy 预测比特币 2036 年将达到 240 万美元,ARK Invest 更激进地预测 2030 年 380 万美元。这些数字一直被大家批评为过于乐观,或者是屁股决定脑袋。

但最近,一项相对更加中立和严谨的学术研究,为这些预测提供了理论支撑。

来自 Satoshi Action Education(非营利研究组织)的最新研究论文显示,基于纯粹的供需分析,比特币在 2036 年有 75% 的概率超过 481 万美元。这比机构们最激进的预测还要高出 25%。

同时,该研究也预测2030 年 BTC 有 50% 概率超过 335 万美元,与 ARK 的 380 万美元预测相差不大。

虽然理论研究并不一定能代表实际走向,但比起无脑喊单,了解一下不同的分析思路,也有助于资产配置的决策。

100 万美元,可能在 2028 年到来

先说研究的几个关键结论。

比特币在 2036 年 4 月有 75% 的概率超过 481 万美元,中位数预测约 600 万美元,对应市值约 125 万亿美元。这大约是目前全球黄金市值的 6-8 倍。

更重要的是时间点。

该研究预测比特币突破 100 万美元的时间点最可能出现在 2027 年底至 2028 年底之间。具体来看,在 50% 概率(中位数)情景下,比特币在 2027 年底已达到 110 万美元;

在 75% 概率区间下,这一里程碑出现在 2028 年内。这与 ARK Invest 预测的 2030 年 380 万美元时间线基本吻合。

与机构预测不同的是,这项研究更多的只看比特币的供给和需求变化,也就是经济学意义上的第一性原理。说的再细一些就是:

不看什么比特币的历史价格趋势,也不预设它会取代黄金或其他资产的市场份额,

而是单纯基于 2100 万枚的固定供应上限(供给),结合当前可观测的购买行为(需求),例如 ETF 流入、企业购买、矿工囤积等数据,计算供需平衡点如何随时间演变。

这种方法的最大优势在于所有关键变量都可以持续追踪和验证。

ETF 每日净流入有彭博等金融终端的公开数据,交易所余额可以通过链上数据实时查询,长期持有者占比有 Glassnode、CryptoQuant 等分析平台的统计。

值得注意的是,基于该供需模型的研究结论,与采用完全不同方法论的机构预测得出了相近的数量级。

MicroStrategy 的 Bitcoin24 模型假设比特币价格增长率逐年递减,其基准情景也预测 2036 年 BTC 将达到 240 万美元。

机构正在以 10 倍于供应的速度扫货

与供应收缩相对的是旺盛的购买需求。研究统计了当前各类买家的日均购买量:

美国现货比特币 ETF 在 2025 年 7 月的日均净流入约 2900 枚。截至 7 月 29 日,11 只 ETF 合计持有约 148.5 万枚比特币,占总供应量的 7.1%。其中贝莱德的 IBIT 持仓已超过 73 万枚。

上市公司方面,截至 7 月 28 日,前 100 家公司合计持有超过 92.3 万枚比特币。MicroStrategy(现已更名为 Strategy)一家就持有超过 60.7 万枚,以当前约 1000 枚 / 天的购买节奏持续增持。一些比特币矿企也在囤积产出:Marathon 在 2025 年 5 月挖出 950 枚但一枚未卖,当月净增持相当于每天约 31 枚。

将 ETF 流入、企业购买、矿工囤积和散户购买加总,研究估算当前每日从市场退出流通的比特币在 5000-6000 枚之间。

而第四次减半后,矿工每天只能挖出 450 枚新币。这意味着每日需求是每日供应的 11-13 倍。

但更关键的问题是:这 1990 万枚已挖出的比特币中,有多少真正在市场流通?

截至 2025 年 7 月 29 日,比特币已挖出 1990 万枚,剩余 110 万枚将在未来 115 年内缓慢释放。

研究团队的统计显示:中本聪早期挖出的约 97 万枚从未移动,普遍认为已无法访问;保守估计约有 157 万枚因私钥丢失而永久损失;剩余 1736 万枚的「有效流通供应」中,有 1440 万枚超过 155 天未在链上移动,被归类为「非流动供应」。

这 1440 万枚「沉睡」的比特币是最大的不确定性。

研究假设其中 40%(约 576 万枚)会永久退出市场,可能被用作企业战略储备、DeFi 协议抵押品,或作为信贷基础而长期锁定。

按此计算,真正可能回流市场的供应约为 864 万枚,加上目前已知在交易所流通的 300 万枚,总流动供应约 1164 万枚。

这种供需失衡不是理论推演,而是正在发生的现实,且速度在加快。

链上数据显示,非流动供应从 2025 年 1 月 1 日的 1390 万枚增至 6 月 26 日的 1437 万枚,相当于每天约 2650 枚流入长期持有状态。统计显示,这些转出交易所的比特币中,70-90% 超过 155 天未再移动。

他们一旦离开交易所,很可能长期不会回来。

2019-2020 年,类似的供应收缩已经上演过一次:比特币持续流出交易所,流动供应逐步收紧。

2020 年 8 月 MicroStrategy 开始购买,10 月 Square 入场,随后几个月价格从 1 万美元加速上涨至 2021 年初的 6.9 万美元。当前的收缩速度更快。

如果 ETF 和企业的购买节奏持续,加上矿工减产效应,流动供应的下降速度将比上一轮周期更陡峭。

按当前速度,3-5 年内可能价格加速上涨

该研究最核心的发现是:当流动供应降至 200 万枚以下时,价格可能进入非线性增长阶段。

为什么是 200 万这个数字?

研究通过模拟不同的每日 BTC 退出流通的数量发现,当市场上可交易的比特币少于 200 万枚时,每一笔新买单都会显著推高价格,而价格上涨又激励更多人囤币不卖,形成自我强化的正反馈循环。

一旦进入这个区间,新增买家的每一笔购买都会产生不成比例的价格影响。

具体来看不同提币速率下的 2036 年预测结果:

  1. 如果每天退出流通 1000 枚(远低于当前水平),到 2036 年还剩 992 万枚流动供应,价格约 139 万美元,年化收益率 29.11%;这是相对温和的增长路径。

  2. 如果每天退出流通 2000 枚(接近研究的基准假设),剩余 748 万枚,价格 160 万美元,年化收益率 30.64%。

  3. 如果每天退出流通 4000 枚,剩余 330 万枚,价格 241 万美元,年化收益率 35.17%。

  4. 当每日退出流通达到 6000 枚(当前实际水平左右),流动供应会降至 56 万枚,价格飙升至 586 万美元,年化收益率 45.57%。此时已经接近临界点。

从时间维度看,按照当前速度,这个临界点可能在 3-5 年内到达。

研究显示,如果每日退出流通维持在 6000 枚,流动供应会在 2029 年底前降至 200 万枚以下;如果退出流通速度加快到 7000 枚,这个时间点会提前到 2028-2029 年。

更直观的是价格轨迹的变化。

在每日退出流通 6000 枚以下的所有情景中,价格曲线都保持相对平滑的上升趋势。

但一旦退出流通量达到 7000 枚,价格曲线在 2032 年开始明显向上弯曲;

到 8000 枚 / 天时,这种弯曲在 2030 年就已经出现,2032 年后几乎垂直上升。

抛压焦虑,1440 万枚沉睡的 BTC 会醒来吗?

研究并不认为价格加速上涨一定会发生。最大的不确定性在于:

那 1440 万枚超过 155 天没动过的比特币,有多少会在价格上涨时回流市场?

研究假设其中 40%(约 576 万枚)会永久退出市场,比如被企业当作战略储备、用作 DeFi 抵押品、或者私钥真的找不回来了。

但这个假设比例不一定对,于是论文做了 10000 次模拟,让初始流动供应在 500 万到 1300 万枚之间随机变化。结果显示:

即使在最乐观的情况下(1300 万枚可流通),2036 年仍有 50% 概率超过 600 万美元。

第二个变量是买家会不会「手软」。当比特币从 12 万涨到 50 万、再涨到 100 万时,机构还会保持现在这种每天买 2900 枚的节奏吗?

研究设定了一个参数来衡量这一点:如果价格涨 3 倍,买家就减少一半购买量,那 2036 年价格可能只有 139 万美元。

从目前看,机构买家对价格并不敏感。

比特币从 6.5 万涨到 11.8 万期间(涨了 81%),ETF 和上市公司的购买节奏基本没变。如果这种模式持续,价格上涨可能不足以刹住需求。

你应该关注哪些 BTC 的指标?

这项研究的价值不仅在于给出一个价格数字,更在于它提供了一套可以持续监控的指标体系。

由于模型的所有关键变量都基于公开数据,投资者可以实时追踪市场正在向哪个方向演变。

研究建议关注四个核心指标:

交易所比特币余额

Glassnode 和 CryptoQuant 等平台每天更新各大交易所的比特币持有量。如果这个数字持续下降并接近 300 万枚(当前水平),意味着流动供应正在收紧。

更关键的是观察下降速度。如果每月减少超过 10-15 万枚,按照目前节奏,3-5 年内就会接近 200 万枚的临界区。

ETF 净流入数据

彭博等金融终端每天公布美国 11 只比特币现货 ETF 的资金流动。如果日均净流入持续保持在 2000-3000 枚以上,这本身就是一个强信号。

机构需求没有因为价格上涨而减弱。反之,如果 ETF 开始出现持续净流出,可能意味着价格敏感度在提高,市场正在自我调节。

长期持有者供应占比

链上分析平台会统计超过 155 天未移动的比特币占比。目前这个数字约为 72%(1440 万 /1990 万)。

如果这个比例持续上升并超过 75%,意味着越来越多的币正在退出流通。更重要的是观察增速:2025 年前 6 个月,BTC 非流动供应从 1390 万增至 1437 万(每天约 2650 枚),如果这个速度加快到每天 3000-4000 枚,就需要警惕了。

每日 BTC 净退出流通量的综合计算

将 ETF 流入、上市公司披露的购买量、矿工囤积数据相加,减去新增供应(安挖矿速度,约 450 枚 / 天),可以粗略估算每天有多少币退出流通。

如果这个数字稳定在 5000-6000 枚,我们正处于研究预测的中间情景;如果超过 7000 枚并持续数月,可能正在接近加速上涨的触发条件。

当然,研究也有一定的局限性。比如衍生品和信贷中介的影响尚未完全纳入模型。而且,所有这些预测都建立在一个假设之上:没有重大的黑天鹅事件,比如协议漏洞、监管禁令等。

但即便考虑这些不确定性,供需基本面的变化方向是清晰的:

每天 450 枚的新增是协议保证的,机构每天买入数千枚是公开数据,流动供应正在收缩是链上可见的。

回到文章开头的问题:比特币还能涨到多高?

总体上,这项研究没有给出一个确定答案,但它揭示了一个机制:

当 2100 万枚的固定上限遇上持续增长的机构需求,价格可能进入非线性增长阶段。75% 概率指向 2036 年的 481 万美元,但更重要的是沿途的路标,例如 2028 年的 100 万美元,2030 年的 335 万美元。

三年前在任何价位买入并持有的人,今天都还在盈利。

也许若干年后回望,今天 12 万美元的价格,会成为另一个「当时怎么会觉得贵」的时刻。或者,市场会用事实证明,模型终究只是模型。

答案在时间手中。但至少现在,你知道该看哪些数字了。


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