从 P2P 爆雷、比特币矿企到以太坊战略:Bit Digital 的绝地求生之路

深潮Published on 2025-07-11Last updated on 2025-07-11

Bit Digital 为何 All in 以太坊财库战略?

撰文:KarenZ,Foresight News

本周(7 月 7 日),纳斯达克上市矿企 Bit Digital(BTBT)宣布完成向以太坊财库战略的全面转型,并将其以太坊持有量积累至 10 万枚 ETH 以上。

这一举措不仅标志着其业务重心从比特币挖矿向以太坊生态的全面倾斜,显示出对以太坊生态系统长期潜力的坚定信心,也折射出以太坊愈来愈强的机构吸引力。

本文将解析 Bit Digital 的发展历程、转型背景以及转向以太坊的核心动因。

Bit Digital 的前世今生

前身:深陷危机的「中国车贷第一股」

Bit Digital 前身可追溯至点牛金融有限公司(Golden Bull Limited)。点牛金融于 2015 年 11 月在上海成立,以汽车抵押贷款为核心业务。

根据国际金融报,点牛金融曾在官网披露,2016 年 1 月,点牛金融在上线之初获得 2000 万元天使投资(曾而新、刘晓辉共同出资);2016 年 5 月,点牛金融完成 B 轮融资,辉时股权投资基金(上海)有限公司(辉时基金)和陕西西凤投资有限公司(西凤投资)两大国企联合投资;2016 年 12 月,点牛金融再次获得 2 亿元 C 轮融资。不过,也有「3 轮融资涉嫌造假」、「涉嫌虚假宣传」的质疑。

2018 年 3 月在纳斯达克上市,股票代码「DNJR」,号称「中国车贷第一股」。

但好景不长,2019 年随着国内 P2P 行业爆雷和清洗整顿,点牛金融因涉嫌非法吸收公众存款案在 2019 年 7 月份遭上海公安局立案侦查,17 名涉案犯罪嫌疑人被采取刑事强制措施。实控人也被列入「红通」名单。公司股价暴跌,一度濒临退市。同年 10 月,公司董事会将原董事长及首席执行官曾而新、CFO 冷静、董事刘晓辉撤职,随后组建新的管理团队。

转型:汽车租赁、比特币挖矿业务

在 P2P 业务崩盘后,点牛金融逐步向汽车租赁、比特币挖矿业务进行转型。

  • 2020 年三季度,点牛金融更名为 Bit Digital, Inc.,其纳斯达克交易代码也更改为「BTBT」,并剥离原有 P2P 借贷业务。公司总部随后也迁至美国纽约。

  • 2020 年 9 月,Bit Digital 在美国特拉华州注册成立了全资子公司 Bit Digital USA, Inc.,计划通过该公司在美国运营其矿机,开展比特币挖矿业务,并加快了将矿机从中国迁移至北美的战略。

  • 2021 年 6 月份,伴随着中国全面禁止加密货币挖矿活动,Bit Digital 暂停在中国剩余的挖矿业务,再次加快了向北美迁移的战略。

2020 年至 2021 年,Bit Digital 通过多次融资扩大规模,用于矿机采购和产能扩张。截至 2021 年一季度,Bit Digital 共有 40,965 台矿机,分布在中国新疆、 四川省和云南省以及美国的德克萨斯州、 内布拉斯加州和佐治亚州,比特币挖矿成为 Bit Digital 核心营收来源,一季度挖矿营收达 4395 万美元。不过,之后,随着矿工的迁移、限产以及比特币网络整体哈希率的增长,Bit Digital 营收有所减少。

值得一提的是,2020 年 4 月份,曾发起「三点钟无眠区块链」微信群的玉红加入点牛金融担任首席战略官兼董事。不过,2021 年 2 月份,伴随着 Bit Digital 管理高层「大换血」,玉红辞去了 Bit Digital 首席战略官和董事职务。同年 4 月份,点牛金融还收购了位于香港的全资子公司 XMAX Chain Limited,将其作为其在香港的全资子公司,中国大陆的所有比特币挖矿业务均由 XMAX 香港运营。玉红是 XMAX Chain 早期投资人,也曾为该项目站台,不过又在之后宣布与 XMAX Chain 脱离关系。当然,点牛金融在之后澄清,玉红与 XMAX 香港没有任何关联。

多元化探索:以太坊 + 云服务 + 高性能计算

2022 年年底开始,Bit Digital 开始减少对单一比特币挖矿的依赖,开启多元化布局。

  • 2022 年 12 月,Bit Digital 启动以太坊质押业务。

  • 2023 年,Bit Digital 成立子公司 WhiteFiber AI, Inc.(前身为 Bit Digital AI, Inc.),涉足云服务。

  • 2024 年 6 月,成立 WhiteFiber HPC, Inc.(前身为 Bit Digital HPC, Inc.),专注高性能计算(HPC)业务。同年 10 月,收购加拿大 Enovum Data Centers Corp,强化 HPC 数据中心能力。

  • 今年 3 月 Bit Digital 成立 WhiteFiber Canada, Inc.,形成多地区协同的 HPC 与云服务网络。

全面转型以太坊财库管理战略公司

2025 年 7 月上旬,Bit Digital 宣布完成向以太坊财库管理战略的转型,还在近期筹集约 1.72 亿美元的总收益,并将净资本用于购买以太坊,除此之外,Bit Digital 还出售了约 280 枚比特币,并将所得款项用于增持 ETH。

加上在此之前持有的 24,434 ETH(截至 2025 年 3 月 31 日),Bit Digital 的 ETH 总持仓量达到 100,603 枚。

与此同时,Bit Digital 官方简介也进行了更新,「Bit Digital 是一家专注于以太坊原生的资产管理和质押策略的上市数字资产平台。」

关于 HPC 业务,2025 年 2 月份,Bit Digital 正式将其 HPC 业务更名为 WhiteFiber, Inc.,涵盖其 GPU 云服务和 HPC 数据中心平台 Enovum Data Centers。

为何 All in 以太坊?

Bit Digital 首席执行官 Sam Tabar 明确表示:「我们相信以太坊有能力改写整个金融体系。以太坊的可编程特性、日益增长的采用率以及质押收益模型代表了数字资产的未来。Bit Digital 正与以太坊的长期潜力保持一致,并将自己定位为以太坊资金管理平台。Bit Digital 计划积极增加持仓,最终成为全球领先的 ETH 持有公司。」

在 Bit Digital 看来,以太坊正成为一种新的战略性企业资产类别,类似历史上的黄金和国债,但更具活力 —— 依托全球最多的开发者生态(数量远超其他区块链),以太坊的技术创新持续迭代。

当然,Bit Digital 作为一家原本专注于比特币挖矿的公司,向以太坊生态转型,这一战略调整背后不仅受到加密货币行业宏观趋势的影响,也有公司内部财务和运营的考量。

比特币挖矿盈利承压

  • 算力竞争加剧 + 比特币减半:比特币挖矿难度持续攀升,导致矿工边际收益下降。

  • 比特币挖矿高度依赖廉价电力,而 Bit Digital 在 2021 年因中国清退矿场被迫迁移至北美,运营成本和合规成本显著上升。

  • Bit Digital 数字资产挖矿盈利能力持续弱化:2025 年一季度,Bit Digital 的数字资产挖矿营收为 777 万美元,相比 2024 年一季度的 2189 万美元挖矿营收减少 64%,与此同时,数字资产收入所消耗成本从 2024 年一季度的 1298 万美元降低至 612 万美元。按可以反映盈利能力的成本收入比率计算,2024 年一季度为 59%,2025 一季度升至 78%,而且还不含折旧和摊销费用(所有业务 724 万美元)。成本收入比率越高,则表示单位收入所对应的成本越高,意味着盈利能力越弱。

  • 公司业务结构失衡,数字挖矿收入占比持续下滑:2025 年一季度,该业务收入仅占总营收的 31%,而 2024 年同期为 72%,亟需新增长点支撑业绩。

以太坊生态的吸引力

  • 2024 年 ETH 质押收入为 60 万美元 ,较去年同期增长 72%。截至 2025 年 3 月 31 日, Bit Digital 在原生质押协议中质押的 ETH 约为 21,568 个,此次将以太坊持有数量增加到 100,603 枚之后,Bit Digital 表示,Bit Digital 不仅仅是购买代币,正在将其储备分配到一个协议中。

  • 以太坊的质押机制允许持有者通过锁定代币获得相对稳定的年化收益,相较于比特币挖矿的高能耗和不确定性,质押提供了更可预测的回报。高能耗的挖矿活动在碳中和目标下受到限制,而以太坊的权益证明机制能耗极低,更符合全球可持续发展的趋势。

  • 机构配置转向多元化:随着以太坊生态采用率提升,机构投资者逐渐从比特币主导的配置转向多元化,开始重视以太坊的长期价值。

综上,Bit Digital 的发展历程是一场从困境中转型突围的过程:从深陷危机的中国 P2P 平台,到在纳斯达克上市,再到转型比特币矿企,布局 HPC 与 AI,再在矿业收入不及预期时再全面转型以太坊,其战略调整始终紧跟趋势。但此次押注以太坊也面临新的挑战 —— 业绩表现将与以太坊价格高度绑定。

对于 Crypto 行业而言,Bit Digital 的转型既是以太坊生态吸引力提升的缩影,也反映出机构、矿业公司对数字资产的配置逻辑正从「挖矿获利」向「长期资产持有」演变。未来,随着以太坊生态的进一步成熟,或许会有更多机构加入这一赛道。

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