Bitwise首席投资官关于BTC四年周期的思考:为什么当前牛市会延续到 2026 年及以后

marsbitPublished on 2025-01-30Last updated on 2025-01-31

过去一周,我的大部分时间都在思考比特币的四年周期。具体来说,我在想,华盛顿近期对加密货币态度的转变,是否足够成为打破四年周期的催化剂,从而将当前的加密牛市延续到2026年及更远的未来。这是一个我最近经常被问到的问题。让我们深入探讨一下。

什么是比特币的四年周期?

比特币历来遵循四年周期运行,通常表现为连续三年的大幅上涨,随后出现回调。

周期

来源:Bitwise 资产管理公司。数据范围:2010年12月31日至2024年12月31日。
本报告中的业绩信息仅供参考。收益反映的是比特币本身的回报,而非任何基金或账户的回报,且未包含任何费用。过去的业绩表现不能作为未来投资策略表现的预测依据。未来的加密货币周期可能不会持续四年,四年周期的概念基于历史数据,仅用于说明,并非对未来结果的预测。本材料仅代表对特定时间市场环境的评估,并不构成对未来事件的预测或业绩保证。

熟悉本备忘录的读者都知道,自2022年年中以来,我一直在讨论比特币的四年周期。当时,比特币正处于低谷,而我的观点是:“耐心等待。”

果然,比特币在2023年和2024年表现出色。按照这一模型,2025年也应该是强劲的一年,这也是我的预期。但投资者自然会开始思考,市场是否会在2026年迎来一次重置。

是什么导致了四年周期?

加密货币的四年周期由与宏观经济增长与衰退周期相同的力量驱动。

这个周期始于某种催化剂——通常是一个技术突破或重大事件,激发投资者兴趣并吸引新资本进入市场。例如,在2011年,首批允许个人购买比特币的公司(如Coinbase、Mt. Gox等)诞生,使普通个人投资者能够轻松进入加密市场。在此之前,想要购买比特币几乎需要计算机专业技能。因此,不出意外,比特币价格随之上涨。

一旦牛市启动,它会形成自己的动能。价格上涨吸引关注,更多资金随之涌入。随着牛市加速,投资者开始变得贪婪,杠杆水平上升。此时,市场可能会出现欺诈行为,或者传统金融基础设施因需求过载而崩溃。最终,总会有某些环节出现问题。例如,2014年的关键事件是当时最大的比特币托管平台Mt. Gox的崩溃,而2018年的转折点则是美国证券交易委员会(SEC)对首次代币发行(ICO)的监管打击。

市场回调往往是痛苦的,去杠杆化带来恐慌和绝望。但很快,总会有新的突破出现,重新启动周期。

需要强调的是:这个周期并不是加密货币特有的。许多人试图将其与比特币的四年“减半”事件联系起来,但实际上,减半的时间点与周期并不完全对齐,比如2016年、2020年和2024年的减半事件,并未精准对应市场走势。

本质上,这就是传统经济周期的一个变体,只不过在加密市场中,由于其高波动性而被放大。

当前周期

当前的市场周期始于2022年一系列重大丑闻和机构倒闭后的大规模去杠杆化。其中,FTX、三箭资本(Three Arrows Capital)、Genesis、BlockFi、Celsius等纷纷暴雷,引发市场剧烈调整。

在Bitwise,我们将这一轮周期称为 “主流化周期”(Mainstream Cycle),其最大特征是主流投资者的大规模进入加密市场。

本轮周期的催化剂出现在 2023年3月10日,当时Grayscale(灰度)在针对美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的比特币ETF诉讼案中,赢得了关键性的首场辩论。Grayscale(灰度)起诉SEC,指控其在拒绝现货比特币ETF申请时“武断且反复无常”,并要求法院迫使SEC重新考虑。

Grayscale的胜利意义重大。尽管最终裁决几个月后才公布,但从那一刻起,比特币ETF的落地已几乎成为定局,而这一产品的推出将使加密货币真正进入大众市场。事实证明,ETF于2024年1月正式推出,并创造了资金流入的历史纪录

当Grayscale提出法律辩论时,比特币的交易价格为 22,218美元;而今天,它已升至 102,674美元加密货币的主流时代正式到来。

华盛顿的政策转向:打破四年周期的可能性

按照传统的四年周期,2025年应该是加密市场的又一个辉煌年份。我也认同这一点——我们此前曾公开预测,比特币价格将在今年翻倍至20万美元以上,推动因素包括ETF资金流入,以及企业和政府的比特币购买潮。而现在看来,这一预测可能还过于保守。

尽管如此,我已经看到市场内部出现了一些早期过热的迹象。

  • 大量公司正在融资或借债购买比特币,这表明市场参与者的风险偏好在上升。
  • 比特币借贷项目激增,这类项目允许大额持有者在不出售比特币的情况下释放流动性。这本身并没有问题,但本质上是一种杠杆工具。
  • 衍生品合约、杠杆ETF等交易工具的增长,也显示出市场正在变得炽热。

如果仅凭这些信号,我仍然会认为四年周期依然有效。

但随后,美国政府发布了一项行政命令,一切都变了。

上周,特朗普总统签署了一项行政命令(EO),其内容对加密行业极度利好,甚至让我开始怀疑四年周期是否会被打破。

该行政命令将加密资产的增长视为“国家优先事项”并明确了美国加密行业的监管框架,甚至提及建立“国家加密货币储备”。此外,现任美国证券交易委员会(SEC)也采取了更加亲加密的立场,为华尔街最大的银行和机构投资者大举进场铺平了道路**。

ETF的推出已经足以吸引数千亿美元的新资本进入加密市场,并推动当前的牛市周期。但特朗普的行政命令所描绘的加密行业主流化愿景——

  • 银行将加密资产纳入托管服务,与传统资产并列
  • 稳定币被广泛整合进全球支付体系
  • 最大型的金融机构正式建立加密货币投资头寸

——这一切将带来的是万亿美元级别的增量资金,而不仅仅是数千亿。

总结 & 展望

我现在思考的问题是,特朗普的行政命令(EO)及华盛顿政策转向所带来的积极影响,将在几年内逐步显现,而非短短几个月。即便一切进展顺利,制定并实施新的加密货币监管框架至少需要一年,而华尔街的金融巨头们真正适应加密市场并完成布局,恐怕还要更长时间。

如果这些影响要到明年才真正发挥作用,2026年还会出现传统意义上的“加密寒冬”吗? 投资者会选择冬眠,哪怕他们已经看到加密行业迈入一个全新的时代?如果贝莱德(BlackRock)CEO 拉里·芬克(Larry Fink)预测比特币将达到70万美元,我们真的会经历一次70%的深度回调吗?

我的看法是,我们还没有完全摆脱四年周期。 随着牛市推进,市场上的杠杆会不断积累,泡沫和过度投机不可避免,甚至可能出现不良行为者。当市场情绪过度膨胀,价格远超合理水平时,很可能会出现一次剧烈回调。

但我预计,这次回调的幅度会比以往更小、持续时间更短。

为什么?

  • 加密市场已经成熟,投资者结构更加多元,不再仅仅依赖散户的投机热情。
  • 机构资金的深度介入 让市场更加稳健,价值投资者的比重也在上升。

我预计市场仍会有较大波动,但2026年的加密市场,恐怕很难再经历一次彻底的“寒冬”。

至于眼下,一切全速前进。

加密列车已经启动,下一站——未知但令人兴奋的未来。

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