什么情况?比特币矿商也在大量积累比特币!

金十数据Published on 2025-01-07Last updated on 2025-01-07

美国比特币矿商正在积累大量比特币储备,以应对日益激烈的资源竞争带来的利润率下降。

Mara Holdings、Riot Platforms和CleanSpark等公司利用比特币价格飙升(上月达到10万美元)的时机,自11月以来已从投资者那里筹集了超过37亿美元资金,用于购买比特币。他们通常通过零息或近零息的可转换债券筹集资金。

他们的举动是在特朗普赢得大选之后发生的,这位即将上任的美国总统承诺比特币将“在美国开采、铸造和生产”。

但对许多人来说,矿商争先恐后地购买他们也在开采的这种货币,归根结底是为了保护自己免受高能源成本带来的进一步财务压力。

Core Scientific首席发展官Russell Cann表示,“这并不像比特币价格上涨,每个人都很高兴那么简单。盈利能力和电网接入方面仍然存在复杂的挑战。”

矿商们雄心勃勃的计划还包括扩大人工智能产能,这标志着该行业前景的急剧逆转。在比特币挖矿奖励减半后,该行业在过去八个月里一直在苦苦挣扎。

矿商们互相竞争,以验证比特币中新交易的区块,这使得他们在确保比特币网络安全可靠方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

运行比特币网络的计算机程序的设计是每四年将矿工可获得的奖励减半。最新一次减半发生在去年4月份,矿工获得的奖励从每天900枚比特币减少到450枚。

投资集团CoinShares估计,美国所有上市矿商生产一枚比特币的平均成本在去年第三季度上升至55950美元,比上一季度增长了13%包括折旧和基于股票的补偿费用在内,生产一枚比特币的平均成本为106000美元。周二欧盘,比特币的交易价格约为101700美元。

CoinShares研究主管James Butterfill表示,“如果比特币价格没有上涨,那么我们将开始看到相当一部分矿商开始关闭矿机或破产。”

比特币价格飙升推高了矿业盈利能力的一个指标——哈希价格,其自特朗普胜选以来上涨了32%。这一希望的曙光促使许多矿商重返资本市场寻求新的资金。

一些比特币矿商,如Mara和Riot,现在正在效仿MicroStrategy,后者是一家转型为比特币购买者的软件公司,该公司在发行长期可转换债券以购买比特币方面一直处于领先地位。矿商们还承诺将比特币作为其公司财务的储备资产,增加他们的比特币储备,并保留他们开采的所有新比特币。

Mara首席执行官Fred Thiel表示:“这次‘特朗普效应’实际上给了我们更多动力继续投资美国。”他们的商业模式现在是“尽可能多地积累比特币”。他们现在拥有近4.5万枚比特币,价值超过44亿美元。

Hut 8首席执行官Asher Genoot认为他的公司是“能源基础设施”集团,比特币是其资产负债表的财务基础。

两个月来,该行业已将其筹集资金中的约18亿美元用于购买比特币。

然而,矿商面临的压力并没有减轻。保障比特币网络所需的计算能力总量(称为哈希率)随着新参与者的进入而持续攀升。上周五,哈希率更是达到历史最高点。哈希率的上升可能会抵消比特币价格上涨的好处,进一步挤压矿商利润。

Butterfill表示,“我们看到比特币哈希率呈天文数字般上涨,这凸显了大量新硬件上线,如果价格出现回调,那些生产成本较高的矿商将更加脆弱。”

美国比特币矿业还面临着国内激烈的资源竞争。长期以来,它一直面临着证明其能源使用的合理性的压力。美国能源信息署(EIA)估计,比特币矿业可能已经消耗了该国电网2.3%的电力,尽管由于数据有限,预测差异很大。

比特币能源消耗指数估计,比特币交易价格约为10万美元,其年能源消耗量与波兰一个国家的年能源消耗量相同

德克萨斯州的公用事业监管机构在去年11月份要求所有消耗电力超过75兆瓦的数据中心设施提供年度能源数据。德克萨斯州是美国加密货币矿业最大的州,当局预测,2025年大型矿商对能源的需求将跃升60%。

高管们表示,更大的挑战来自拥有比矿商更多财务资源的大型人工智能开发商。

Core Scientific的Cann表示:“美国对人工智能的需求将极大地影响可以添加到电网中的比特币挖矿量。”他预测,未来几年,比特币的大部分计算能力将位于美国境外。

Cann说:“电网的最佳用途是作为比特币矿场,还是人工智能数据中心?从经济角度来看,答案将是人工智能。”

Mara的目标是在2028年前将一半的比特币矿场迁往海外,例如在肯尼亚、阿联酋和巴拉圭等能源盈余地区进行扩张。

但其他公司正试图通过顺应人工智能浪潮来寻找更快的盈利途径。用于加密货币挖矿的英伟达图形处理单元(GPU)也适用于处理人工智能的大量数据。Hut 8、Core Scientific和Hive都已转向将数据中心产能租赁给人工智能超大规模企业。美国上市加密货币矿商CleanSpark首席执行官Zach Bradford表示:

“是的,比特币价格上涨了,这确实很有帮助,但如果能源价格明天飙升,对于比特币矿商来说仍然是艰难的一天。”

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