以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin 提议对网络进行重大变革

marsbitPublished on 2024-10-14Last updated on 2024-10-15

Vitalik Buterin 探索了几种潜在的改进,这些改进可以使以太坊的支持成本更低,并且整体速度更快。

事实证明,尽管经过了多年的技术修补和争论,Vitalik Buterin 对以太坊共识机制的第一次改革并不满意。

在周一的一篇博客文章中,以太坊联合创始人思考了以太坊权益证明模型的几项潜在改进。其中包括降低个人质押者的财务门槛,以及缩短确定以太坊区块所需的时间。

两年前,“合并”从根本上改变了以太坊交易的验证方式。以太坊不再依赖耗电的计算机网络来保证网络安全,而是过渡到由验证者将资产专用于网络的系统。

验证者通过组装交易区块并证明其他交易的准确性来获得奖励。为了参与该过程,验证者锁定 32 ETH(84,000 美元),实际上是作为游戏中的皮肤。然而,Buterin 认为门槛可以大幅降低至 1 ETH(2,600 美元)。

“一次又一次的民意调查反复表明,阻止更多人单独质押的主要因素是 32 ETH 的最低限额,”他写道。“将最低限额降低到 1 ETH 将解决这个问题,以至于其他问题成为限制单独质押的主要因素。”

最近,新验证者保护以太坊网络的速度有所放缓。根据 beaconchai.in 的数据,自 4 月份超过 100 万活跃验证者以来,已有约 73,000 名验证者加入。在过去的一个月里,这一数字已接近 3,000。

降低以太坊对验证者的质押要求也可以解决网络的一些中心化问题。根据 Dune 仪表板显示,目前,领先的流动性质押 ETH 去中心化平台 Lido Finance 占所有质押以太坊的 28%。

Buterin 提出的改进的第二部分主要集中在交易最终性上。该术语指的是包含在无法更改的区块中的以太坊交易。

Buterin 写道,截至目前,以太坊交易需要大约 15 分钟才能完成。这是因为以太坊的进展以每 6.4 分钟发生一次的纪元来衡量。每个纪元由 32 个时隙组成,通常每 12 秒产生一个新区块。

正如 Blocknative 首席技术官兼联合创始人 Chris Meisl 所解释的那样,两个纪元过去后,从成本角度来看,以太坊区块被攻击者撤销是不可行的。在那时,“你可以认为它非常安全”,他在去年的一篇博客文章中写道。

Buterin 写道,“单槽终结性”将把终结时间缩短至每 12 秒一次。他写道,结合较低的质押要求,它将“使以太坊的属性与(更中心化的)注重性能的 [layer-1] 链保持一致”。

然而,Buterin 承认,有几种方法可以使单槽最终性发挥作用,从涉及高级加密的强力选项到针对质押者的两层系统。

Buterin 的博客文章是在围绕第 2 层网络的争论日益激烈的背景下发表的。虽然以太坊的 Dencun 升级在 3 月份为他们提供了一种为用户提供更低交易成本的新方法,但它也导致了以太坊流通供应的通货膨胀时期。

与此同时,以太坊的核心开发人员正在为网络的下一个重大升级 Pectra 做准备。升级的第一部分也调整了以太坊质押者获得奖励的方式,预计将于明年年初某个时候发布。

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