从《黑神话:悟空》看GameFi安全:链游发展中的挑战与对策

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-09-03Last updated on 2024-09-03

Abstract

链游的主要问题在于过度依赖TOKEN化,忽视了游戏性。开发团队应学会在风险与收益之间找到平衡。作为消遣活动,游戏应将娱乐置于首位而非经济收益。

本文 Hash (SHA1): bd9ca749e77416b81d65fff2457626ecfdaf59e2

编号: 链源 Security Knowledge No.022 

近期国产游戏3A大作《黑神话:悟空》可谓引发全球游戏玩家的热捧,成功吸引了大量国内外玩家关注,同时也引发了大家对区块链游戏(GameFi)发展的思考。在Web3游戏的持续发展中,安全性和创新模式始终是关键问题。以 EVM 兼容的游戏专用链 Ronin Network 为例,在 2022 年 3 月,Ronin Network 经历了一次严重的安全事件。黑客盗取了 5 个验证器的私钥,并伪造提款,导致超过 6 亿美元的损失。这起事件不仅是加密货币历史上最大的黑客攻击之一,也成为链游领域最严重的安全事件之一。通过仔细审视这样的安全风险,Web3游戏需要不断提高技术防护手段,以确保玩家的资产安全和整体游戏生态的稳定。

黑悟空引发的 GameFi 发展反思  

从《黑神话:悟空》看GameFi安全:链游发展中的挑战与对策

  • 提升游戏体验的整体质量 

《黑神话:悟空》的成功不仅在于其文化背景,还因为它拥有出色的视觉效果和流畅的游戏体验。GameFi 项目要想取得类似的成功,必须确保游戏充满趣味性和吸引力,这要求开发者深入挖掘游戏性,而不仅仅是炒作技术。在去中心化环境中提供同等质感的高质量体验是链游面临的核心挑战之一。通过优化智能合约、提高区块链的处理能力、减少交易成本等手段,可以确保玩家不被技术限制所影响,从而提升游戏体验。    

  • 打造可持续的经济系统

尽管 GameFi 通常依赖“赚取即玩”(Play-to-Earn)模式,但过度依赖这种策略可能导致经济体系的不可持续性。《黑神话:悟空》的设计理念为链游提供了启示——可以采用复杂多样的经济模型,基于玩家贡献引入奖励体系,确保经济参数的稳固。Token 不应作为游戏的根本动力,而应视为增值服务之一。过度依赖 Token 的价值会使游戏陷入恶性循环。       

  • 加强社区和用户参与

《黑神话:悟空》背后有一个充满热情的玩家社区,这种社区力量是游戏成功的重要因素之一,这同样是链游成功的关键因素。链游开发者应重视社区建设,通过 DAO 等形式赋权于玩家,提高用户粘性。然而,这一切的基础在于游戏质量足够吸引,值得玩家的长期投入。许多团队只追求短期收益,缺乏长周期投资的勇气,因此难以实现如传奇般的成功。

  • 增强玩家的归属感和创造力 

在《黑神话:悟空》中,游戏角色与故事由开发者掌控;而在链游中,玩家可以通过 NFT 和智能合约真正拥有游戏内资产。这样的设定能提高玩家的归属感和创造力,打造更具吸引力的生态系统。          

  • 链游的内在价值与挑战

链游的主要问题在于过度依赖 TOKEN 化,忽视了游戏性。开发团队应学会在风险与收益之间找到平衡。作为消遣活动,游戏应将娱乐置于首位而非经济收益。虽然链游通过上链解决了传统游戏中的一些弊端,如资产所有权、变现能力和资产互通等,并提升了透明性和公平性,但许多链游只是简单地在传统游戏中植入代币经济。黑悟空的案例提醒了我们,要深度结合游戏设计与区块链技术,才能创造新的黑神话,推动行业不断发展前进,满足市场对高质量内容日益增长的需求。例如,可探索基于区块链的跨游戏资产互通、去中心化的游戏世界生成,以及玩家自主的经济系统等创新。            

GameFi 新模型:ServerFi

从《黑神话:悟空》看GameFi安全:链游发展中的挑战与对策

今年 8 月 12 日,一篇据说由“耶鲁大学教授”发表的论文首次提出了“ServerFi”的概念,指出它“强调通过资产合成实现私有化,并专注于为高留存玩家提供持续奖励的模型”。研究表明,ServerFi 在保持玩家参与度和确保游戏生态系统长期可行性方面效果显著。ServerFi 的核心主要集中在以下三个方面:  

1. 游戏人数:是 ServerFi 成立的前提。玩家数量不足会限制玩家之间的互动和资产的创造,这是 ServerFi 和传统 GameFi 都面临的主要挑战之一。

2. 服务器价值:是 ServerFi 运转的核心。通过游戏内经济系统的完善,服务器积累可量化价值,与法币体系联动。这种价值形成和货币化是 ServerFi 模型持续动力的关键。        

3. 贡献回报比:作为可调参数,改变了传统游戏中的固定收益设定。ServerFi 则将玩家、服务器和项目方构建为一个利益共同体,从而激励各参与方的投入和维护。          

GameFi 链上链下安全问题  

从《黑神话:悟空》看GameFi安全:链游发展中的挑战与对策

游戏的本质是消遣,娱乐,传统的web2游戏与web3游戏有很大的不同,,因为 GameFi 将不仅为玩家提供了代币激励,还赋予了玩家对于游戏资产的所有权,以加密经济和去中心化为特点打造游戏项目。然而目前的链游市场鱼龙混杂,真假难辨,花样层出不穷,坑点很多,GameFi 的发展中面临着许多安全漏洞与黑客的攻击,这些威胁不仅对用户的资产安全构成了严重威胁,也对整个 GameFi 生态的健康发展带来了严重的负面影响。            

链上安全挑战有:

  • 代币合约漏洞

GameFi 项目通常使用一种或多种代币进行游戏内的购买和奖励。代币合约负责管理代币的铸造、交易和销毁,若存在漏洞可能严重影响游戏经济体系。代币合约常面临中心化风险,合约所有者或管理员权限过高,可能修改交易费用、限制交易、增发代币或调整账户余额。         

  • 业务合约漏洞

GameFi 项目中的业务合约负责实现游戏玩法和奖励发放。开发者通常设计为可升级合约。链源安全团队对可升级合约的安全建议包括:          

初始化合约和依赖项:在部署时忘记初始化可能导致严重漏洞。

注意存储冲突:合约升级时,修改存储或会引发冲突,导致数据错误或资金损失。

权限控制:对合约升级权限进行限制,以防攻击者通过私钥窃取或治理攻击获取升级权限。

  • NFT 漏洞

NFT 在 GameFi 中用于代表玩家资产,其价值由数量和稀有度保证。不当实现可能带来安全风险,尤其是随机性生成。GameFi 项目应例如盲盒和随机奖励活动中使用可靠的信息源,以减少预测和操控风险。此外,项目方应安全存储 NFT 的元数据,与 IPFS 哈希值,以防元数据提前泄漏。运营方需要谨慎区分 ERC-1155 和 ERC-721 代币的区别。ERC-1155 支持批量转移,ERC-721 则需要多次划转。之前,Arbitrum 链上的 TreasureDAO 就因未区分这两种代币而遭到攻击。    

  • 跨链桥漏洞

跨链桥用于在不同区块链网络间同步游戏资产,是提升 GameFi 项目流动性的重要组件。危险在于合约漏洞可能导致资产在连接的链上不同步。跨链桥验证节点也是潜在风险,建议增加验证节点并安全存储私钥。

链下安全挑战有:

大多数 GameFi 项目依赖链下中心化服务器来处理部分后端逻辑和接口,这些服务器存储着关键信息,包括游戏逻辑和玩家账户数据,容易受到恶意攻击。如:

  • 篡改 NFT 数据

游戏 NFT 的元数据关键,但很多 GameFi 项目倾向于将其存于中心化服务器,而非像 Arweave 这样的去中心化设施,这增加了内部或外部攻击者篡改数据的风险,影响玩家资产的所有权和利益。

  • 钓鱼攻击

攻击者通过钓鱼获取项目方敏感信息,如游戏金库的私钥或 GitHub 账号,可能引发供应链攻击、扩大攻击规模并造成更多损失。              

结语

塑造未来Web3游戏的道路充满了机遇与挑战。通过一些新的技术发展,我们看到了在维护游戏公平、安全和创新方面的新希望,同时也从《黑神话:悟空》这样的成功案例中汲取了宝贵经验:高质量的内容和优秀的游戏体验仍然是吸引玩家的核心。然而,游戏开发者须警惕潜在的安全威胁,尤其是在链上和链下的技术实施中。通过加强技术防护,提高经济模型的可持续性,并促进行业内更广泛的社区参与,Web3游戏有望在未来实现更强的增长和更深的玩家连接,最终推动整个 GameFi 行业的积极发展。

链源科技是一家专注于区块链安全的公司。我们的核心工作包括区块链安全研究、链上数据分析,以及资产和合约漏洞救援,已成功为个人和机构追回多起被盗数字资产。同时,我们致力于为行业机构提供项目安全分析报告、链上溯源和技术咨询/支撑服务。   

感谢各位的阅读,我们会持续专注和分享区块链安全内容。

Related Reads

Warsh's First Day in Office, Markets Deliver a 'Wake-up Call': Rate Hike Expected This Year

On his first day in office, newly inaugurated Federal Reserve Chairman Warsh received a stark market warning, with expectations now fully pricing in a 25-basis-point interest rate hike this year. The shift was triggered by hawkish remarks from Fed Governor Waller, who stated that inflation is now the key policy "driver" and that the odds of a hike or cut are evenly split. This sent short-term Treasury yields higher. Waller signaled a significant pivot in his stance, citing disappointing inflation and labor data. He suggested removing "easing bias" language from Fed statements and did not rule out future rate increases if inflation fails to recede, though he noted immediate action isn't warranted without signs of unanchored inflation expectations. Chairman Warsh faces immediate pressure at his first FOMC meeting in June. With the preferred inflation gauge at a three-year high, analysts warn that failing to hike could be interpreted as an implicit easing of policy. The geopolitical situation in the Middle East is adding to existing price pressures. The market's expectation for a hike contrasts sharply with earlier forecasts for multiple cuts. While long-term Treasury yields have been contained by lower energy prices recently, analysts note they remain under structural upward pressure. Warsh's swearing-in at the White House highlights political scrutiny over Fed independence. However, the market has made it clear that inflation is the most urgent challenge, leaving the new chairman little time to settle in.

marsbit3h ago

Warsh's First Day in Office, Markets Deliver a 'Wake-up Call': Rate Hike Expected This Year

marsbit3h ago

Has Microsoft Lost Its Way in the AI Race, and Can Copilot Bring It Back on Track?

Microsoft, once seen as an early AI frontrunner due to its investment in OpenAI, is navigating a strategic shift amid increased competition. Its initial reliance on OpenAI’s GPT models has been complicated by OpenAI’s growing ambitions as a direct competitor, rapid advancements from rivals like Claude and Gemini, and the disruptive rise of AI agents, which challenge its traditional SaaS business model. These factors contributed to stock declines and slower-than-expected adoption of its flagship Copilot products. In response, CEO Satya Nadella has taken a hands-on role in product development, signaling the urgency of change. Microsoft is pivoting from a model-centric strategy to a "model-agnostic" enterprise platform approach. It aims to become the foundational layer connecting various AI models—from OpenAI, Anthropic, or its own new "Superintelligence" team—with enterprise workflows, data, security, and cloud services. Recent organizational changes merged consumer and enterprise Copilot teams to accelerate innovation, exemplified by new products like Copilot Tasks and Copilot Cowork. However, this transformation comes at a high cost. Microsoft faces massive capital expenditures, potentially reaching ~$190 billion by 2026, to support AI infrastructure. While its platform strategy shows early signs of traction with growing Azure AI revenue, it must balance startup-like agility with the reliability expected by enterprise clients. The core challenge is no longer being the sole AI winner but defending its position as the essential enterprise software entry point amidst rapid technological commoditization and the shift towards always-on AI agents.

marsbit3h ago

Has Microsoft Lost Its Way in the AI Race, and Can Copilot Bring It Back on Track?

marsbit3h ago

Why Haven't Forex Stablecoins Taken Off?

Why FX Stablecoins Never Took Off: A Path Forward via Synthetic FX Despite the explosive growth of stablecoin-powered digital banking, which has seen ~$6B in VC investment and a 24x surge in crypto card spending in under a year, a major limitation persists: these banks are essentially dollar-only accounts. This leaves 95-99% of global accounts, which are denominated in non-USD currencies, underserved. Attempts to create native foreign currency (FX) stablecoins (like EURC) have largely failed, with total FX stablecoin TVL at ~$600M compared to $400B for USD stablecoins—a 700x gap. These FX tokens face critical challenges: fragile pegs due to low liquidity, limited exchange/FinTech acceptance, poor on/off-ramps, complex regional compliance, and a chicken-and-egg adoption problem. The article argues that the solution lies not in competing with entrenched USD stablecoin networks (USDT/USDC), but in adopting a synthetic FX model inspired by traditional finance. Specifically, it advocates for Mark-to-Market Non-Deliverable Forwards (NDFs)—cash-settled FX derivatives that allow users to maintain underlying USD stablecoin holdings while having their account balance and P&L denominated in a foreign currency. This approach offers key advantages: strong oracle-based pegs, retention of deep USD stablecoin liquidity and yield, superior on/off-ramps, scalability to any currency with a reliable feed, and capital efficiency. It mirrors how modern institutional FX markets operate. Primary use cases for on-chain NDFs include: 1. **Digital Banks/Wallets:** Enabling multi-currency accounts for international users without leaving the USD stablecoin ecosystem, boosting deposits and retention. 2. **FX Carry Trade Vaults:** Offering access to sovereign interest rate differentials (e.g., earning yield on BRL) in a more stable and scalable format than crypto-native products like Ethena. 3. **Global Enterprise Payments:** Allowing merchants to receive payments in local currency equivalents while settling in USD stablecoins, similar to services offered by Stripe for fiat. The conclusion is that synthetic FX, not native FX stablecoins, is the viable path to integrating foreign exchange into the growing stablecoin digital banking landscape, potentially unlocking the next phase of institutional DeFi and multi-trillion-dollar global adoption.

链捕手4h ago

Why Haven't Forex Stablecoins Taken Off?

链捕手4h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures
活动图片