BTC生态协议盘点,哪些协议能笑到最后?

MarsBitPublished on 2023-10-27Last updated on 2023-10-27

Abstract

比特币价格重新站上30000美元关口,背后是ETF有了不少「利好」进展,比特币生态也越发活跃。目前比特币生态上有Taproot Assets、BRC-100、Rootstock等协议,以及sovryn等DeFi类产品,但开发者数量仅排在全行业第四名,需要更多开发者入驻,以推动生态的繁荣。BTC生态正处于爆发的前夜,谁能真正存活下来,并获得成功,还需要更多时间来验证。

时隔 16 个月,比特币重新站上了 30000 美元关口,并创下 35000 美元的阶段性新高点。暴涨的背后,是贝莱德等机构的比特币现货 ETF 有了不少「利好」进展。不管 ETF 最终是否会通过,但反映在现实中,则是整个 Web3 行业情绪回暖以及 BTC 生态越发活跃。
在比特币价格上涨前后时间,比如 10 月 19 日,比特币生态 Layer 2 赛道的 Taproot Assets 宣布上线——Taproot 也成为继上半年  Ordinals  概念以后,另一个备受关注的协议之一。此外, 10 月 25 日,BRC-20 创始人 domo 宣布推出 BRC-100 协议。
事实上,除了 Ordinals 以及 Taproot 之外,比特币生态远比想象中的更加繁荣,比如基于“染色币”概念迭代的 RGB 协议、比特币智能合约平台 RootStock,以及近期币价拉升较猛的 BTC 生态 Layer 2 Stacks  等等。不完全统计,目前比特币生态上做基础设施服务的协议超过了 10 个,而不同的协议,又衍生出了不同的产品。
因此,Odaily星球日报对 BTC 生态协议进行了盘点。
BTC 生态协议有哪些?
RGB 协议
RGB 协议,来源于比特币古典扩容方案“染色”概念,并由 LNP/BP( Lightning Network Protocol/ Bitcoin Protocol,闪电网络协议/比特币协议)标准协会开发,具有扩展性和隐秘性的智能合约系统。目前 RGB 生态有一些代币的产品出现,比如钱包赛道的  Iris Wallet、 MyCitadel  Bitmask 、Shiro、DeFi 赛道的 Bitswap、 Pandora Prime  以及生态系统建设的  Cosminmart  Infinitas  等。
值得注意的是,RGB 协议也是目前和 BitVM(比特币虚拟机 Bitcoin Virtual Machine )并驾齐驱的路线选择。BitVM 是比特币虚拟机的缩写,对标 ETH 的 EVM,允许开发者在比特币上运行复杂的合约,而无需改变比特币基本规则。
RGB 也面临一些问题,如下所示:
(1)验证效率待提高。RGB 采用客户端验证,需要一直追溯用户客户端数据中发行合约的创始状态,如果资产交易的历史很长,那么验证的数据量就会指数型放大,严重影响了验证效率。
(2)项目迭代速度过慢。RGB 协议自从 2018 年提出以后,直到今年 4 月才推出首个可用版本 v 0.10 。因此,对于 RGB 协议是否得到官方重视值得商榷。
(3)开发成本过高:也是由于协议原本内容和可用版本之间时间间隔过久,因此很多开发格式和逻辑未能及时跟上时代的步伐。开发者需要去适应早期的 RGB 规范,无疑增加了开发者入场的难度。
最重要的是,生态处于早期,目前未有成熟的具体框架展示,生态内项目更多也是其他生态项目标准范式的复现(比如钱包、Swap、Launchpad 等经典三件套),未有龙头产品的诞生。
Stacks:
Stacks 目前市场热度较高,作为 BTC 生态叙事最火热的 Layer 2 项目,其代币 STX 在近一个月里,从 0.4 美元涨至最高 0.73 美元,最高涨幅超过 80% 。
Stacks 是一种采用 Stacking 共识算法的比特币生态智能合约平台。于 2019 年正式上线,而其代币 STX 同时也成为美国 SEC 第一个认可发行的 Token。
Stacks 的优势在于其推出了 PoX 共识机制,通过将比特币作为基本链,Stacks 作为二层链,每轮交易,由矿工基于 BTC 锁定的随机函数选出的领导者负责 Stacks 上的区块打包,并发送到比特币主链上,从而提升整条链的计算速度。

BTC


截至目前,Stacks 生态共有 90 个项目被部署。但这 90 个产品,所蕴含 TVL 体量均比较小。DeFilama 数据显示,目前 Stacks 总 TVL 为 2588 万美元,其中排名第一的产品是去中心化交易所  ALEX ,TVL 约为 1966 万美元。

BTC


Taproot 协议
Taproot Assets 协议:Taproot Assets 是一个 Bitcoin 元协议,开发者可以通过 Taproot 交易在比特币和闪电网络上发行资产。在前不久的 10 月 19 日,Lighnting Labs 正式上线了该协议,Taproot Assets 协议也成为 BTC 生态叙事以来,继 Ordinals 以外另一个备受关注的 BTC 协议。
作为  Lightning Labs  推出的协议,Taproot Assets 实现了高度的集成,因此用户可以基于 Taproot 进行快速便宜的交易。基于 Bitcoin UTXO, Taproot 也能够与上文提到的 RGB 等协议兼容。此外,Taproot 在海外热度较高,同时在国内也有一定的 Fomo 情绪。目前 tap 代币已经部署,全部筹码都在项目方手中,可能用来项目融资和生态空投。
BRC-100 :
BRC-100 是基于 Ordinals 构建的比特币协议,除了本身的代币属性以外,BRC-100 还是一种应用协议,开发者也能基于 BRC-100 协议去设计 DeFi 等应用类的产品。
相较于 BRC-20 ,BRC-100 在延续 BRC-20 目前已有的创建、铸造和交易功能之外,还引入了 FT 代币的去中心化计算。这一功能的视线,就意味着 BRC-100 可以像 ERC-20 一样,去大量的部署与 Token 相关的产品,比如偏 DeFi 类的 AMM DEX、借贷功能等。
Rootstock :
Rootstock 是一个比特币智能合约平台,早在 2018 年便已经立项,初期募资 22000 枚 BTC。其优势主要体现在,开发者可以基于 Rootstock 本身的 OS 框架来去搭建 Dapp,再加上  RIF (Rootstock Infrastructure Framework)的虚拟机也与 EVM 相兼容,因此以太坊生态的代币可以与 Rootstock 生态上的代币进行交互。
根据 Rootstock 官网数据展示,目前其生态锁仓 TVL 为 3 亿美元,其中包含 3334 枚 BTC(约为 1.15 亿美元),每月交易量在 68400 ,活跃账户为 72292 ,算是 BTC 生态诸多协议中成绩较为突出的协议。

BTC


作为一个老牌侧链,Rootstock 生态目前共有 104 个项目,范围涵盖 Swap、跨链桥、借贷、预言机、支付通道、钱包等 15 个赛道。可以说是目前较为完备的 BTC 生态协议之一。

BTC


关于生态上面值得关注的项目,我们可以从当前 BTC 生态比较匮乏的借贷方面去探寻,比如 Rootstock 上的 sovryn,专门用于无托管、无许可的比特币借贷和保证金交易。目前,据 DeFilama 平台数据, Sovryn  目前总锁仓量在 2628 万美元。
需要思考的两个问题
总体而言,当前 BTC 生态尽管协议繁多,并且基于各种协议所诞生的产品不胜枚举,但存在两个问题需要解决:
1.活跃开发者数量问题。据 Developerreport 数据,作为市值排名第一的加密货币,当前 BTC 生态开发者数量为 340 人,仅排在全行业的第四名,低于第三名  Cosmos  的 463 人,远低于排名第一的以太坊——活跃开发者数量为 1889 ,大约是 BTC 生态的 5.6 倍。

BTC


这还只是基于全职开发者的计算,如果加上兼职开发者,这一差距将会更大。BTC 生态目前兼职开发者为 478 ,全职与兼职开发者总数达到 818 ;与之相对的,ETH 生态兼职与全职的开发者总数在 5012 ,二者相差 6 倍。
之所以在这里会重点介绍开发者的数量,是因为一个生态爆发的前提条件,就是能够天然吸引更多的开发者的入驻。足量的开发者才能将生态整体产品构架搭建完善,同时带动生态飞轮的运转。
生态体系的完善,意味着普通投资者入场难度的降低和入场意愿的上升。而当生态展现出充足的流量潜力之后,机构和域外大资金们才会入场,从而整体推动生态的繁荣。
值得注意的是,目前 BTC 生态开发者数量,与 2017-2018 年的 ETH 生态开发者数量大致相当。

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我们可以理解为 BTC 生态当前正处于爆发的前夜,后期或将复现 ETH 生态的神话。同时也可以视为当前 BTC 生态依旧处于不完善的阶段。
2.如何撬动 BTC 生态 Maxi Holder 的注意力。无论是早期大火的 Ordinals,还是现在目前发展状态最好的 Rootstock,其用户构成主要还是来自于 EVM 生态的流量外溢。比如 Ordinals,其所依托的标准 BRC-20 在表达方式上与 ERC-20 标准类似。而 Rootstock 的总质押量中,只有 1.15 亿美元来自 BTC,这在 3 亿美元 TVL 总量中,只占 38% 。而 Rootstock 之所以能收获 3 亿美元的质押,一定程度上也与其兼容 EVM 有很大关系。
换句话说,目前 BTC 生态本身的巨鲸尚未入局,能够吸取外部流量固然重要,但如何能让生态本身的巨鲸感兴趣,或许重要程度更高。毕竟在 1.26 万亿美元的加密货币市值面前,BTC 市值占比 51.22% ,ETH 占比 17.42% ,前者是后者的 2.94 倍。
在释放 BTC Holders 流动性方面,Stacks 的步伐较快。今年 10 月 20 日,Stacks 上线了  sBTC  开发者版本。该方案旨在通过推出与 BTC 1: 1 挂钩的去中心化、嵌入智能合约的代币 sBTC。这样,基于 sBTC,便能部署 BTC 生态原生的 DeFi、NFT 等应用产品,进一步释放比特币在L1、L2间的流动潜力。
总结:
距离 RGB、Rootstock 等老牌协议诞生到现在已经过去 5 年,而这期间也有 Ordinals、Taproot 等新协议的问世。原本安静的 BTC,现如今也逐渐成为一个江湖。
有江湖就有纷争。不同协议在共同推进 BTC 生态繁荣的同时,也在互相竞争。按照在Web3行业屡次得到验证的马太效应来推论,一个生态真正能够存活,具有被观察意义的协议,可能需要从 Top 5 里去找。而真正能够称之为头部,占据生态绝大多数资源的协议,可能只有 Top 3 。
目前而言,大家百花齐放,隐隐有以太坊生态早期的样貌,但谁又能真正存活下来,并获得成功呢?或许还需要更多的时间来去验证。

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