# Artikel Terkait Signature

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AmericanFortress proposed a scheme to protect crypto wallets from quantum threats

AmericanFortress has published a preprint detailing ZKPoSP, a cryptographic scheme designed to protect hierarchically deterministic (HD) cryptocurrency wallets from potential quantum attacks without requiring users to change their addresses. The proposed scheme replaces classical digital signatures with non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs, aiming to maintain compatibility with existing address formats. The company also introduced the QBIP32 scheme, intended to generate a signing scalar, a separate quantum-resistant proof, and a chain code in a single function call. According to the authors, QBIP32 can be applied to various elliptic curves of prime order, including secp256k1 and Ed25519. The post-quantum security of the scheme is described as "conjectured," relying on the quantum resistance of the underlying hash functions and NIZK proofs. However, for the scheme to function in a given blockchain network (like Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Solana), nodes would need to support verification of these new proofs instead of standard signatures—a capability currently not implemented. An implementation in Rust using RISC Zero reportedly takes 12–13 seconds to generate a proof and 9–10 milliseconds to verify it. The publication follows other industry efforts to address quantum threats, including reports from Galaxy on vulnerable assets, new hardware wallets like the PQ1, and consortiums like the Bitcoin Security Consortium pledging funding for post-quantum cryptography research. This new work specifically focuses on HD wallets and positions ZKPoSP/QBIP32 as a general mechanism for multiple curves and networks.

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AmericanFortress proposed a scheme to protect crypto wallets from quantum threats

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Midnight Token Falls After $13M Wanchain Bridge Exploit

Midnight's NIGHT token plummeted roughly 30% following a $13.2 million exploit on a Wanchain cross-chain bridge. The attacker drained 515 million NIGHT tokens by exploiting a signature reuse flaw in the bridge's infrastructure, not the core Cardano or Midnight networks. This incident highlights the persistent vulnerability of cross-chain bridges, which are critical for asset transfers but introduce complex security risks. While the underlying blockchains remained secure, the token's price suffered due to liquidity disruption and lost market confidence. The response from Wanchain, including pausing the affected bridge and providing clear communication on recovery efforts, will be crucial for stabilizing the situation. The event serves as a reminder for traders to factor in bridge-related risks when evaluating tokens reliant on cross-chain liquidity.

bitcoinist07/21 22:17

Midnight Token Falls After $13M Wanchain Bridge Exploit

bitcoinist07/21 22:17

Digging deep into Wanchain’s Cardano-BNB Bridge exploit – How $9M NIGHT vanished in hours

Wanchain's Cardano-BNB Bridge was exploited due to a cryptographic vulnerability in its TreasuryCheck validator, known as non-injective signed-message encoding. This flaw allowed multiple withdrawal requests to generate the same encrypted message, enabling an attacker to reuse a legitimate signature to authorize fraudulent transactions. As a result, approximately 515 million NIGHT tokens, valued at $9 million, were drained from the bridge's treasury. The stolen tokens were subsequently laundered into ADA on the Cardano network. Wanchain has since halted the bridge and confirmed the incident was isolated, not affecting Midnight's network or Cardano's core blockchain. This exploit is part of a series of recent attacks on cross-chain protocols, though overall crypto losses have reportedly declined year-over-year.

ambcrypto07/21 11:32

Digging deep into Wanchain’s Cardano-BNB Bridge exploit – How $9M NIGHT vanished in hours

ambcrypto07/21 11:32

Prices From the Future Fool the Oracle, Ostium Drained of $24 Million in Five Minutes

Ostium, a perpetual trading platform, suffered a security incident on July 15, resulting in significant losses from its public liquidity vault. Initial analyses from Blockaid, Cyvers, and PeckShield estimate losses of up to $24 million. The exploit occurred over a five-minute window. According to security firms, the core issue was not a missing signature, but a data integrity failure: a registered price oracle (PriceUpKeep) submitted authorized price reports with manipulated future timestamps, creating false trading profits. The protocol’s verification process confirmed the signatures as authorized but did not enforce price sanity checks or timestamp boundaries, allowing the manipulated data to be accepted for settlement. This caused the liquidity vault to pay out on these fraudulent profits. Ostium’s co-founder confirmed the team paused trading within an hour and is collaborating with law enforcement and security experts. The extracted funds were reportedly swapped for ETH, with a portion moved to Tornado Cash. The incident highlights risks in DeFi oracle designs where cryptographic signature verification is insufficient without additional safeguards for data validity, timestamp freshness, and price reasonableness. Ostium's response and planned fixes—including stricter timestamp validation, independent price checks, and circuit breakers—will be critical to preventing similar exploits.

marsbit07/17 05:33

Prices From the Future Fool the Oracle, Ostium Drained of $24 Million in Five Minutes

marsbit07/17 05:33

TRON Nile Testnet Deploys Quantum-Resistant Signature Cryptography

TRON's Nile testnet has deployed an upgrade implementing quantum-resistant signature cryptography, a proactive step to secure its ledger against potential future decryption threats from quantum computing. This development, confirmed via official sources like nileex.io and github.com, represents a notable Layer 1 security enhancement. The report emphasizes its relevance within the current market focus on stablecoins. Crucially, the upgrade is currently active only on the testnet, not the TRON mainnet. While providing a verified data point for the market to weigh, the article cautions that this single development should be considered alongside broader market factors and does not guarantee any specific price action. It stands as a snapshot of ongoing protocol development.

bitcoinist07/03 16:51

TRON Nile Testnet Deploys Quantum-Resistant Signature Cryptography

bitcoinist07/03 16:51

Ethereum Researchers Propose SPHINCS- Signature Scheme For Post-Quantum Wallets

Ethereum researchers have proposed SPHINCS-, a stateless post-quantum signature verification scheme optimized for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Designed to function within the existing EVM without protocol changes or new precompiles, it replaces standard hash functions with EVM-native KECCAK256, enabling a Solidity implementation. The scheme is tailored for wallet use, targeting a more practical signature budget (2^14 to 2^20 signatures per key) rather than the standard astronomical limit, reflecting typical Ethereum address transaction patterns. A key variant, C13, is reported to verify signatures at about 127,000 gas with a 3,704-byte signature. The proposal, credited to researcher nicocsgy with acknowledgments to Vitalik Buterin, is currently a non-standard research concept, not a finished standard. It highlights trade-offs, such as long signing times on certain hardware wallets, but contributes to the broader, essential conversation on preparing Ethereum's account security for a future with quantum computers.

bitcoinist06/13 01:06

Ethereum Researchers Propose SPHINCS- Signature Scheme For Post-Quantum Wallets

bitcoinist06/13 01:06

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Path for BSC

BNB Chain, a leading Layer-1 blockchain ecosystem, has released a research report exploring the potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain (BSC) to post-quantum cryptography. The study evaluates replacing traditional cryptographic systems with quantum-resistant alternatives, specifically examining the use of ML-DSA-44 for transaction signing and pqSTARK for aggregating validator consensus signatures. While quantum computers are not currently a practical threat to existing blockchain cryptography, the research represents a proactive effort to ensure long-term network security and infrastructure resilience. The report assessed several core areas of the BSC tech stack, including post-quantum transaction signing, validator signature aggregation, transaction validation, public key storage, and network performance under increased data loads. A key finding is that achieving post-quantum readiness is technically feasible today but requires significant trade-offs in scalability. Test data indicates: • Transaction size would increase from ~110 bytes to ~2.5 kilobytes. • Block size would grow from ~110 kilobytes to ~2 megabytes. • Native transfer TPS would decrease from 4,973 to 2,997. The primary performance bottleneck is not signature verification itself, but the increased network transmission overhead caused by larger transaction and block sizes. Conversely, the pqSTARK aggregation technology proved highly efficient, compressing validator signatures by an approximately 43:1 ratio, which helps manage consensus-layer overhead. The report notes that post-quantum alternatives for areas like P2P handshakes and KZG commitments were not within the scope of this evaluation and require further research and broader ecosystem coordination. BNB Chain emphasizes this work is a research-oriented exploration and not a response to any imminent security threat.

marsbit05/18 13:51

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Path for BSC

marsbit05/18 13:51

Trump Signature on US Dollar Sparks Debate Over Historic Break from Tradition

Donald Trump is set to make history as the first sitting U.S. president to have his signature featured on the nation’s paper currency, starting with the $100 bill in June. The move, tied to the 250th anniversary celebrations, breaks a tradition dating back to 1861 where only the Treasury Secretary and Treasurer sign currency. Officials describe it as a symbolic tribute, but the decision has sparked political and legal debates. Critics argue it blurs the line between national symbolism and political influence, while supporters see it as a historic gesture. The redesign may expand to other denominations and coins, alongside efforts to rename national landmarks, further shaping Trump’s legacy.

TheNewsCrypto03/27 14:12

Trump Signature on US Dollar Sparks Debate Over Historic Break from Tradition

TheNewsCrypto03/27 14:12

Crypto Phishing Losses Crash By 83% In 2025 – Details

Crypto phishing losses plummeted by 83% in 2025, falling from $494 million to $83.85 million, with victim count dropping 68% to 106,106. Despite the decline, Web3 security firm Scam Sniffer warns this does not indicate reduced threat levels, as losses correlated with market activity—peaking in Q3 during high user engagement. A new threat emerged with EIP-7702 exploits, enabling bundled malicious transactions via account abstraction. Permit/Permit2 signatures remained the leading attack method, responsible for 38% of large-case losses. Major incidents included a $1.46 billion breach by the Lazarus group. While reported losses fell, attackers may be shifting to harder-to-track methods like private key theft or targeted social engineering.

bitcoinist01/04 19:01

Crypto Phishing Losses Crash By 83% In 2025 – Details