硅基和平对阵WAICO:美国欲禁止欧洲使用中国人工智能

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-16Last updated on 2026-08-16

Abstract

美国准备要求欧洲及其他合作伙伴放弃中国的人工智能倡议,否则将面临被排除在“硅谷和平”(Pax Silica)联盟之外的风险。这一立场出自美国国务院一份外泄的内部文件草案,明确表示加入Pax Silica与参与目标相悖的竞争性项目不可兼得。文件虽未直接点名中国,但明显针对北京主导的倡议。 Pax Silica是美国于2025年底推出的战略,旨在维持其在人工智能、半导体等关键技术领域的霸权。2026年6月,欧盟及多个欧洲国家加入,扩大了该联盟。然而,华盛顿的此项最后通牒迫使成员国,尤其是欧洲国家,在依赖西方技术生态与寻求战略自主及多元化(包括与中国合作)之间做出艰难选择。 与此同时,中国、俄罗斯等29国于2026年7月成立了世界人工智能合作组织(WAICO),总部设于上海,倡导基于联合国宪章的多边合作,被视为对西方试图垄断数字规则的直接回应。全球科技格局正面临分裂为两大对立阵营的风险。 这种二元对立将迫使企业适应政治现实,分割供应链,导致成本上升和创新效率下降。人工智能领域的开放全球化时代可能终结,研发和标准将在各自联盟内封闭发展。各国的最终选择将塑造未来数十年的全球数字经济格局,技术主权的重要性可能超越经济效益。从历史角度看,这种强制性技术壁垒可能催生规避手段和自主替代方案,加速形成两套互不兼容的AI生态系统。

据路透社援引美国国务院一份内部信函草案报道,美国正准备要求欧洲及其他合作伙伴放弃在人工智能领域的中国倡议,否则将面临被排除在“硅基和平”联盟之外的风险。该文件致送给2026年6月《人工智能机会声明》的35个签署方,其中包括大部分欧洲国家。加入与北京竞争结构的国家,可能失去参与华盛顿牵头倡议的资格。

信函草案明确阐述了美方立场:加入“硅基和平”与参与那些预期目标与该联盟相冲突的重叠项目无法共存。签署该声明被视为一项硬性承诺,而非形式上的会员资格,排除了双重忠诚的可能。尽管文件中未直接点名中国,但其上下文明确指向北京。国务院拒绝就泄露的文件发表评论,然而文件本身的存在证实了科技领域地缘政治竞争的加剧。

主导战略与欧洲的选择

“硅基和平”是美国在人工智能和半导体领域寻求霸权的一项战略,由美国国务院于2025年12月启动。该倡议涵盖关键矿产、能源、先进制造和人工智能基础设施,致力于减少所谓的强制性依赖。该计划旨在成为保持技术领先地位的综合工具。

2026年6月,欧盟、德国、希腊和荷兰加入该联盟,显著扩大了欧洲在该联盟中的存在。这一事件成为西方阵营整合的重要里程碑。在此之前,芬兰和瑞典已作为独立个体成为参与者。该声明的官方签署方名单还包括意大利、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、印度、哈萨克斯坦以及一系列来自亚洲、中东和拉丁美洲的其他国家。

如今,这些国家将面临艰难抉择。华盛顿的最后通牒使它们陷入两难境地:是保持融入西方技术生态系统,还是支持替代性的合作形式。对于欧洲国家而言,考虑到它们对战略自主的追求以及同时存在对美国技术和安全市场的依赖,这尤为敏感。退出参与中国项目可能会限制其供应链多元化和获取亚洲创新的机会。

全球治理的替代架构

随着西方阵营的形成,与之竞争的国际化结构也在并行发展。2026年7月,中国、俄罗斯以及其他27个国家在上海市成立了世界人工智能合作组织。29个签署国将这一新组织定位为独立的政府间平台。

WAICO宣称其目标是基于《联合国宪章》的原则,促进人工智能领域的国际合作与全球治理。该组织的成立是对个别国家试图在数字领域建立垄断性游戏规则作出的直接回应。存在两套平行的制度框架,加剧了全球技术空间碎片化的风险。开发者和监管机构可能需要遵守两套不同的标准和要求,这使得跨境互动变得复杂。

美国要求选边站队的要求,可能加速这一分裂进程。与华盛顿和北京都保持着务实关系的全球南方众多国家,可能会面临压力。因参与WAICO而被排除在“硅基和平”之外,将使它们失去接触先进美国研发和投资的机会。另一方面,拒绝与中国合作将关闭进入全球最大市场及电子领域制造能力的通道。

两极模式的后果

形成泾渭分明的集团正在改变国际技术及零部件贸易的格局。企业将被迫调整其战略以适应政治现实,将价值链分割为“友好”和“非友好”的片段。这将导致成本上升,并降低全球创新体系的效率。偏离主要大国设定的路线将受到经济和技术的制裁。

对于人工智能产业而言,这种两极分化意味着开放式全球化时代的终结。研发将越来越多地在封闭的回路中进行,知识交流也将局限于政治联盟的框架之内。标准、协议和技术解决方案可能变得互不兼容,从而给系统间的互操作性制造障碍。市场参与者在规划长期投资和伙伴关系时必须考虑到这些结构性转变。

当前局势显示出正从市场竞争转向地缘政治对抗,其中技术成为主要的影响力工具。欧洲及其他伙伴关于参与WAICO或“硅基和平”的决定,将决定未来几十年的全球数字经济格局。这些外交手段的实际意义远超出官僚程序的范围,正在塑造一种新的现实,即技术主权变得比经济效率更为重要。

AI观点

从数据分析的角度看,当前最后通牒让人想起冷战时期的做法:巴黎统筹委员会在长达四十五年的时间里,协调了对东方集团国家的技术转让限制。该机制为盟友制造了类似的困境:与某个技术阵营的紧密绑定限制了贸易机会,但由于参与方的经济利益,集团间的联系从未完全断绝。

历史类比指出了一个本文未提及的风险:严格的技术壁垒往往会推动被排除方寻求规避方案、平行进口并加速发展自身的替代品,而非投降——这正是苏联当年学会绕过出口禁令的方式。新的限制能否避免同样的命运,还是技术分裂只会加速形成两个在标准层面互不兼容的人工智能并行生态系统?

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Related Questions

Q美国对欧洲等国提出的要求是什么?依据是什么?

A美国准备要求其欧洲及其他伙伴放弃在人工智能领域的中国倡议,否则面临被排除在“Pax Silica”联盟之外的风险。这一要求基于美国国务院一份内部文件草案的立场,该文件发给了2026年6月《人工智能机会声明》的35个签署方,其中包含许多欧洲国家。文件强调,参与“Pax Silica”与加入目标相悖的重复性项目(暗指中国主导的项目)不可共存,签署声明被视为排他性的硬性承诺。

Q“Pax Silica”和“WAICO”分别是什么?由谁主导?

A“Pax Silica”是由美国国务院于2025年12月发起的一项战略倡议,旨在确立美国在人工智能和半导体等关键技术领域的霸权地位,涉及关键矿物、能源、先进制造和人工智能基础设施,目标是减少所谓的“强制性依赖”,维护技术领导力。 “WAICO”是“世界人工智能合作组织”的缩写,于2026年7月由中国、俄罗斯及其他27个国家共同创立,总部设在上海。它定位为一个独立的政府间平台,旨在基于《联合国宪章》原则推动人工智能领域的国际合作与全球治理,被视为对西方国家试图垄断数字领域规则制定的回应。

Q欧洲国家在此次技术阵营选择中面临怎样的困境?

A欧洲国家面临两难困境:一方面,它们希望保持战略自主并实现供应链多元化,这使参与中国项目具有吸引力;另一方面,它们在技术和安全市场上又严重依赖美国。美国的要求迫使它们必须在融入西方技术生态系统与支持替代性合作形式之间做出选择。放弃中国项目可能限制其供应链多元化和接触亚洲创新的机会,而拒绝美国联盟则可能失去尖端技术和投资。

Q文章认为这种技术阵营的分化可能带来哪些全球性后果?

A技术阵营分化可能导致以下后果:1. 全球技术空间碎片化,形成互不兼容的标准和体系;2. 企业运营成本增加、效率降低,被迫根据政治联盟分割价值链;3. 人工智能领域的研发和知识交流趋于封闭,阻碍全球创新;4. 发展中国家被迫选边站队,面临经济和政治压力;5. 国际关系从市场竞争转向地缘政治对抗,技术主权的重要性可能超越经济效益。

Q文章结尾的“AI观点”引用了什么历史类比?它提出了什么警示?

A“AI观点”引用了冷战时期的“输出管制统筹委员会”作为类比,该委员会曾长期协调对东方阵营的技术转让限制。它警示道:强硬的技术壁垒往往不会迫使被排除方屈服,反而会刺激其寻求规避方案(如平行进口)并加速发展自主替代技术(如苏联当年所为)。这引发了一个问题:当前的新限制能否避免重蹈覆辙,还是说技术分裂反而会加速催生出两个在标准层面互不兼容、平行发展的人工智能生态系统?

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