不存在作者的畅销书:AI如何用"简伟迅"解构权力话语?

marsbitPublished on 2025-04-12Last updated on 2025-04-13

一位批评特朗普和马斯克的哲学家如何被证实是一场AI实验

一家意大利出版商利用AI虚构了一位香港哲学家,其对特朗普和马斯克的批评曾引发轰动。

简伟迅(Jianwei Xun)——这位所谓香港哲学家的著作《催眠统治》(Hypnocracy)声称埃隆·马斯克和前总统唐纳德·特朗普利用乌托邦承诺和空洞语言——实际上从未真实存在过,至少没有实体。

相反,这位备受赞誉的作者是意大利出版商安德里亚·科拉梅迪奇(Andrea Colamedici)与两个AI工具——Anthropic的Claude和OpenAI的ChatGPT——“合作”创造的产物。

“我想写一本帮助人们更好地理解权力新表现形式的书,”科拉梅迪奇告诉Decrypt。

但直到《L'Espresso》的调查报道发布后,简伟迅的网站才更新内容承认这一实验,Decrypt查看的Wayback Machine存档快照显示。

尽管如此,这本书仍获得了高度评价。

《L'Espresso》报道称,法国日报《L’Opinion》曾详细描述总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙如何“欣赏”简伟迅的著作。今年2月初,世界人工智能戛纳电影节的一场圆桌会议广泛讨论了简伟迅的思想。

法国顶级出版商伽利玛(Éditions Gallimard)已承诺从意大利原版重新翻译,此前Philosophie Magazine已推出法文首版。西班牙语译本由Editorial Rosamerón出版,定于4月20日发行。

氛围哲学?

简伟迅是“一项本体论工程实验”,科拉梅迪奇在事后接受《Le Grand Continent》采访时解释道。

尽管这一AI实验看似新颖,但批评者指出这本书可能面临麻烦。

欧盟2024年3月通过的《AI法案》将未标注AI生成内容视为严重违规——批评者称科拉梅迪奇的实验忽视了这一要求。

在早期版本的简介中,简伟迅被描述为“香港出生的文化分析家和哲学家”,曾就读于“都柏林大学”。

这并非事实。

据都柏林大学学院哲学系匿名消息人士称,他们的数据库或其他都柏林高校的记录中均不存在名为“简伟迅”的人。

“作者将中文‘姓-名’顺序颠倒是一个明显的警示,”驻香港研究员劳拉·鲁杰里(Laura Ruggieri)告诉Decrypt,解释她早在2月就发现了不一致之处。

鲁杰里此前在香港理工大学教授符号学。她向同事询问简伟迅,但无人知晓。

“没有一个人见过他或听过他的名字,”鲁杰里说。“如果科拉梅迪奇用了真名并承认AI写了这本书,没人会买。”

面对Decrypt的质疑,科拉梅迪奇声称这些是“留给愿意质疑和调查之人”的刻意线索,并称曝光是“预设的”。

“我们实际上尽了一切可能,让任何稍有探究心的人都能明显看出简伟迅不存在,”科拉梅迪奇说。

科拉梅迪奇坚称AI没有写这本书,而是Claude和ChatGPT“充当了对话者”。

简伟迅的话

该书自称是“一场进入现代现实破碎镜象的旅程”,并讨论马斯克和特朗普如何通过强迫性重复构建了另一种现实。

亚马逊简介称,它是为“那些怀疑所见世界只是更复杂事物影子的人”而写。

简伟迅的思想围绕“催眠统治”,描述了一种通过集体意识的“算法调节”而非审查实施控制的政权。

用英语说就是:假新闻。

简伟迅称,特朗普的演讲和社交媒体帖子创造了不确定性条件。

特朗普“掏空语言:他的话语被无尽重复,变成空洞的能指,毫无意义却充满催眠力量,”简伟迅写道。

简伟迅称马斯克通过太空殖民和神经接口等计划“淹没我们的想象力”,做出“注定无法实现”的承诺。

“他们共同调节欲望,重写期望,殖民潜意识,”这位AI哲学家写道。

马斯克和特朗普的发言人未立即回应Decrypt的置评请求。

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