人工智能竞赛引发了人们对数据中心用水量的担忧

币界网Published on 2024-08-20Last updated on 2024-08-20

币界网报道:

随着数据中心用水量在过去几年中飙升,人工智能(AI)可能会间接导致干旱。据英国《金融时报》报道,自2019年以来,美国数据中心最多的州弗吉尼亚州的用水量增长了近三分之二。

随着大多数科技巨头和人工智能公司计划建立更多的数据中心来满足人工智能时代对超级计算能力的需求,人们对其可持续性表示担忧。然而,新技术可以解决用水量问题。

弗吉尼亚州数据中心2023年消耗了70亿升

根据该报告,弗吉尼亚州的数据中心在2023年消耗了70亿升水。这几乎是2023年42.78亿升用水量的两倍。这一激增可追溯到人工智能计算需求,因为包括微软、谷歌和亚马逊在内的几家大型科技公司都在该州使用数据中心。

然而,全国各地的数字并没有好多少。根据Dgtl Infra的估计,2023年美国数据中心还消耗了约2840亿升水。大量的用水量凸显了水对数据中心运营的重要性。

人工智能数据中心用水量(来源:英国《金融时报》)

这些容纳大容量计算机的设施需要水电来发电和冷却机器。冷却需求似乎是最重要的,因为这些机器在运行中会散发出高热量。

然而,高耗水率已经在一些地区造成了干旱。弗吉尼亚州报告称,2023年发生了严重干旱和多次干旱。更糟糕的是,回收这些水并不简单,因为大部分水的使用都是为了增加湿度,这意味着它在使用时会蒸发。

计划建设更多数据中心的科技公司

尽管人们对数据中心及其能耗感到担忧,但随着人工智能竞赛的持续升温,大型科技公司计划建造更多的数据中心。包括微软和亚马逊在内的几家老牌公司已经花费了数十亿美元购买土地和建造更多数据中心,并且仍在计划建造更多。

即使是像xAI这样的初创公司也有类似的意图。这家埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)拥有的初创公司打算在孟菲斯建造世界上最强大的超级计算机。“超级计算工厂”计划已经面临着当地社区对潜在能源消耗的抵制。

谷歌和微软的用水量(来源:英国《金融时报》)

随着未来几年可能出现更多的数据中心,许多人对其可持续性表示担忧。部分问题在于这些数据中心的位置,其中一些位于缺水地区。微软报告称,2023年其42%的用水量来自缺水地区,而谷歌报告称为15%。

然而,一些专家认为,数据中心用水量增加的风险被夸大了。工业用水主管Michael Lesniak指出,弗吉尼亚州劳登县的大多数数据中心都使用本应倾倒在切萨皮克湾的回收污水。建造新数据中心的公司也在努力通过使用零水冷却技术来减少用水量。

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