EigenLayer:构建 Web3 AI 的去中心化云服务

深潮Published on 2024-07-31Last updated on 2024-07-31

EigenLayer 可以被视为一个 Web3 分布式云服务提供商。

作者:Decentralised.Co

编译:深潮TechFlow

如果人工智能需要云服务,那么 Web3 人工智能就需要 Web3 云服务。

在过去一年中,@eigenlayer 和人工智能一直是加密领域最热门的话题。在这篇文章中,我们将探讨它们的交集以及一些正在这一领域进行创新的项目。

什么是 AVS?

首先,我们需要了解 EigenLayer 上的主动验证服务 (AVS)。

可以把 EigenLayer 看作是一个安全和计算能力的市场。

区块链及其他加密协议(如桥接)依赖去中心化的节点操作员来处理交易。这些节点操作员负责维护网络的当前状态,并处理传入的交易。要验证一笔交易,必须有大多数节点操作员同意它的有效性。因此,节点数量越多,网络的安全性就越高。

新协议在建立强大的节点操作员基础时,通常会面临冷启动问题。操作员通常通过协议的原生代币获得激励。然而,在早期阶段,由于缺乏强大的节点网络,这些代币可能价值有限。

为了解决这个问题,团队可能会提供更多的代币来激励节点操作员,但这可能导致高通货膨胀和代币价值稀释,情况并不理想。而且,在早期阶段,节点数量少也会带来安全和中心化风险。

EigenLayer 通过帮助任何区块链服务(称为主动验证服务或 AVS)引导以太坊支持的安全性来解决这个问题。该协议由专门提供计算和安全性的操作员组成。用户将 ETH 或流动质押的 ETH 分配给这些操作员,后者则验证一个或多个 AVS。

如果操作员履行职责,AVS 会给予他们奖励,而他们会将这些奖励分发给存款者。如果操作员未能履行职责,他们的质押将被削减。

通过让一组共同的操作员验证多个服务,并由一个标准的经济层进行治理,EigenLayer 简化了依赖分布式节点进行安全保障的项目启动。这一提议吸引了包括数据可用性解决方案、桥接、预言机和 ZK 处理器在内的多种项目。

人工智能

在过去两年中,人工智能已成为科技界的焦点,吸引了企业家、投资者和用户的关注。这种热潮自然也波及到了加密领域。根据 @_kaitoai 的说法,人工智能在过去 12 个月中成为所有加密领域中最受关注的主题。

在区块链的环境中,操作员实际上是计算机。在验证 Rollup 时,它们接受传入的交易,处理这些交易并输出新的状态。然而,如果操作员能够提供 GPU、SSD 和 ZK Provers 等硬件,那么这种输入-处理-输出的模式可以扩展到任何分布式计算操作。因此,EigenLayer 可以被视为一个 Web3 分布式云服务提供商。

如今,大多数人工智能处理都在云端进行——从像 AWS 这样的超大规模云服务商,到像 Lambda 和 Coreweave 这样的专业云服务提供商。这些服务支持模型训练和推理,因此,EigenLayer 作为 Web3 云,自然适合 Web3 人工智能应用。

让我们来看一些实际案例。

Ritual

目前,大多数用户和开发者通过集中式云服务提供商的 API 访问人工智能服务。然而,这种现状带来了几个问题,包括隐私缺失、可疑的计算完整性(如何确保响应来自你请求的模型?)和潜在的审查。

与此不同,智能合约在高度安全、透明和可信的环境中运行。有些情况下,智能合约需要与人工智能服务进行交互,但在链上运行任何人工智能过程在计算上是不可行的。现有的云服务提供商也无法服务智能合约,因为这会破坏它们的信任假设。

@ritualnet 正在通过构建一个开放的、以隐私为先、抗审查和可验证的人工智能层来解决这个问题,专为区块链人工智能服务而设计。他们的第一个产品 Infernet 允许智能合约请求带有计算完整性证明的人工智能模型推理。未来,Ritual 计划通过创建一个主权链 Ritual Chain 来扩展,提供更强大的功能,如微调和训练人工智能模型。

Ritual Chain 将作为 EigenLayer 上的 AVS 构建。拥有专业需求硬件(如 GPU)的操作员将执行该链的人工智能查询。去中心化的验证者集将提供高可用性和抗审查能力,因为每个查询将由多个操作员处理。此外,这些操作员还将为 Ritual Chain 本身提供基本的安全性。

OpenLedger

几周前,我们讨论了人工智能中的数据挑战,以及区块链协议如何在解决这些挑战中发挥作用。虽然我们建议阅读整篇文章,但我们强调的最重要问题是人工智能数据的中心化。拥有有价值数据的平台与资金充足的公司达成价值数百万的高价值交易,同时限制小型初创公司和研究机构的访问。

@OpenledgerHQ 旨在通过创建一个“人工智能主权数据区块链”来提供解决方案。OpenLedger 为人工智能团队提供:

高质量的注释数据,以确保有效的训练和准确性

增强模型的强化学习和人类反馈 (RLHF) 服务

评估人工智能模型的准确性、可靠性和安全性的工具

OpenLedger 也在 EigenLayer 上构建 AVS。虽然具体实施细节尚未完全披露,但我们可以做一些合理的推测。为了构建一个分布式、高可用性的数据层,链的节点需要大量快速内存。EigenLayer 操作员非常适合提供这些,以及基本的计算和安全服务。

Sentient

@sentient_agi 本月早些时候宣布获得 8500 万美元的种子轮融资,吸引了加密领域一些顶级投资者和运营商的关注。他们的目标是创建一个“开放的 AGI 开发平台。”这到底意味着什么呢?

目前,顶尖的人工智能模型大多是闭源的,且由少数强大的组织控制。这种控制对我们这个时代最重要的技术之一来说是不健康的。为此,越来越多的开源运动正在兴起,模型的权重(配置)对任何人开放,使他们能够在自己的硬件上运行模型或根据特定需求进行微调。

然而,虽然开源模型至关重要,其创造者却很难从中获利。一旦权重公开,任何人都可以托管、修改、调整,并基于这些权重创建服务,而无需与原始模型创造者分享任何收入。这种激励机制的根本不匹配可能会影响开源人工智能的发展速度。

Sentient 的目标是为人工智能开发带来“所有权权利。”它希望创造一种技术,使研究人员和开发者能够在保持模型开放和安全的同时,实现人工智能模型的货币化。当开发者使用 Sentient 创建的模型时,他们可以确保模型的有效性,就像使用开源模型一样。然而,他们需要通过支付推理费用来补偿模型的创造者。

Sentient 是基于 Polygon CDK 技术构建的,并作为 EigenLayer 上的 AVS。尽管 Sentient 对 EigenLayer 的具体使用尚未完全披露,但我们可以推测其方法可能与 Ritual 类似。这可能涉及操作员提供推理所需的计算资源以及链的安全性。

在去年的一篇博客文章中,EigenLayer 团队提到人工智能推理是可以作为 AVS 构建的 15 个潜在独角兽创意之一。显然,许多团队认为这一潜力是真实的。尽管 EigenLayer 和 Web3-AI 领域仍处于早期阶段,但它们之间的交集是自然而然的。如果人工智能需要云服务,那么 Web3 人工智能就需要 Web3 云服务。

我们提到的项目只是初步实验的第一波。我们期待更多项目的出现。

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