买不到OpenAI,散户开始在链上押注AI独角兽

marsbitPublished on 2026-05-06Last updated on 2026-05-06

编者按:AI 私营公司的估值热潮,正在被加密平台做成一种新的散户交易产品。

过去,普通投资者很难买到 OpenAI、Anthropic、SpaceX 这类未上市公司的股票。现在,Ventuals、PreStocks 等平台开始提供相关交易:有人通过永续合约押注估值变化,有人通过 SPV 代币获得所谓「股权敞口」。它们不一定代表真实股权,却让散户可以 24 小时、带杠杆地交易这些热门公司的估值预期。

这篇文章最值得关注的,不只是 Anthropic 在链上市场被推到 1.6 万亿美元隐含估值,而是私募市场正在被进一步金融化。原本只有基金、券商和高净值投资者能参与的 IPO 前资产,如今被包装成可实时交易、可做多做空的加密产品。

但风险也在这里。这些产品提供的是价格敞口,不是真正的股东权利。Ventuals 上的交易没有实际股权支撑,PreStocks 虽然声称通过 SPV 对应真实股票,但 Anthropic 已明确表示,这类结构可能没有法律价值。

换句话说,散户买到的未必是 AI 巨头的股权,而是关于 AI 巨头估值的一场交易。AI 热潮还没有完全进入公开市场,却已经先在加密市场里被金融化了。

以下为原文:

向散户投资者兜售 AI 热潮入场券的竞赛,已经进入主流市场——封闭式基金、区间基金、特殊目的载体纷纷出现。如今,加密平台也开始提供与全球最有价值的私营 AI 公司相关的交易产品,而这些公司几乎没有其他渠道能让普通投资者参与。

其结果是,私募市场金融化进入了一个新前沿:曾经主要服务于数字代币投机的加密基础设施,正在被重新用于让交易者押注 Anthropic、OpenAI 和 SpaceX——而且是实时交易、全天候 24 小时开放,并可使用杠杆。

Ventuals 和 PreStocks 是顺应这一趋势崛起的两个加密交易场所。自今年年初至上个月,按未平仓合约和市场价值合计计算,它们的交易活动已增长逾三倍。主要加密交易所也开始上线 IPO 前资产,将这类工具的触达范围扩大到数千万用户。基于 Hyperliquid 区块链的加密衍生品平台 Trade.xyz 也正加入这一赛道。

在 Ventuals 和 PreStocks 上,交易者已将 Anthropic 的隐含估值推高至 1.6 万亿美元,是该公司最近一轮融资中投资者给出的估值的两倍。

代币化私营股票交易激增


近几周,面向 IPO 前股票的加密平台交易量大幅上升。

这些数字反映的是投机性仓位,而非真实股权交易。它们都不赋予投资者真正的所有权,而且两个平台的运作方式也并不相同。

Ventuals 由投资机构 Paradigm 支持,平台上的交易者是通过永续期货来押注估值变化——这类衍生品没有资产支撑、没有到期日,也不锚定任何真实股票交易。PreStocks 则采取了另一种路径:其代币按一比一比例,基于 SPV 敞口进行铸造,旨在追踪二级市场上的真实股票。这意味着持有人持有的是一个声称持有底层股权的载体份额;不过 Anthropic 已明确警告,这类结构可能不具备法律价值,公司也将其视为无效。

PreStocks 创始人 Xavier Ekkel 表示,这些 SPV 来自一个由基金和经纪商组成的网络。「SPV 已经占据传统 IPO 前二级市场交易量的大部分,其中也包括顶级私营公司的相关交易;PreStocks 是在这一既有结构之上搭建,同时把实时价格发现引入一个长期不透明的市场。」他说。

据 Artemis Analytics 数据,自去年 11 月上线以来,Ventuals 的累计交易量已达到约 5 亿美元;而 PreStocks 自去年 9 月以来的总交易量已超过 6.3 亿美元。

Ventuals 联合创始人 Alvin Hsia 表示,AI 实验室、火箭公司和机器人初创企业频繁占据新闻头条,但散户投资者目前几乎没有渠道获得相关敞口。「Ventuals 将公众对变革性技术的兴趣,与真实、可交易的市场连接起来。」他补充说。

Anthropic、SpaceX 和 OpenAI 未回应置评请求。

这些平台是加密基础设施被重新用于现实世界资产的最新案例之一。随着加密技术逐渐成熟,超越其最初围绕数字代币的应用形态,这一趋势在今年明显加速。代币化国债基金、货币市场工具和私人信贷工具,已经吸引资金进入区块链轨道。而这些 IPO 前衍生品,则代表了这一转向中面向散户的最新前沿:曾经驱动迷因币投机的同一套无需许可的架构,如今正被用来实时押注 Anthropic 这样的公司。

AI 硬件制造商 OpenHome 联合创始人 Jesse Leimgruber 表示,他会查看 Ventuals,以大致判断自己持有的 Anthropic 股票值多少钱。今年 4 月,他曾在 X 上发文称,自己收到了一份针对其 Anthropic 股票的报价。该报价来自传统二级市场渠道,但价格与 Ventuals 上的隐含估值大致处于同一区间,这表明链上衍生品市场追踪的可能是真实的机构需求,而不只是投机噪音。

Ventuals 用户 Luke Cannon 表示,这个平台让他能够进行更灵活的交易。「我以前也参与过私募市场交易,但可选项相当单一,基本只能做多,而且通常要以数年为周期,一直等到 IPO。」他说。

据 Artemis 数据,Anthropic 目前是 Ventuals 和 PreStocks 上最受欢迎的股票,其「代币化兴趣」是竞争对手 OpenAI 的两倍。这也呼应了更广泛二级市场中的情况:随着投资者转向 Anthropic,OpenAI 股票正在失宠。

Cannon 表示,当 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 在 Ventuals 上的估值达到 1 万亿美元后,他选择做空这两家公司的股票,理由是相关叙事正在降温。

Anthropic 最近表示,Google 将以 3500 亿美元估值向该公司投资 100 亿美元;与此同时,其他投资者则曾以 8000 亿美元估值向该公司提供资金。Artemis 稳定币业务负责人 Andrew Van Aken 表示,无论是散户还是基金,对这家初创公司及其竞争对手敞口的需求都「全面高得惊人」。

此前,试图通过数字资产技术切入这些公司股权敞口的尝试,已经引发过反弹。去年,在 OpenAI 对 Robinhood Markets Inc. 推出的、与 Sam Altman 领导的这家公司相关的股权代币提出质疑后,Robinhood 股价下跌。OpenAI 当时在一份声明中表示,公司既未参与该产品合作,也未对其进行背书。

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