从 JLP 到 Neutral:如何在 SOL 上捕获策略收益?

深潮Опубликовано 2025-08-01Обновлено 2025-08-01

JLP 能 1 年翻 3 倍,也能 3 月跌 30%。散户怎么对冲风险,让它「只涨不跌」?

撰文:Alex Liu,Foresight News

从 JLP 到 Neutral

想赚钱,第 1 步往往是找到优质资产。而不夸张的说,即使放眼整个加密世界,JLP 也是数一数二的优质资产。上线 1 年涨幅达 3 倍,最大回撤为此后 3 月的 30% 回调。表现优异的同时,资金体量超 10 亿美元,容量极大,它是怎么做到的?

JLP 的价格走势,数据:coingecko

JLP 的全称为 Jupiter Perpetual Liquidity Provider Token,即 Jupiter 永续合约流动性提供者代币。持有 JLP,相当于存钱进 Jupiter 做合约交易者的对手盘。合约交易者盈利,JLP 会亏损,反之亦反。经过无数同类产品反复验证,拉长时间尺度,合约交易者总是亏损的,此为 JLP 的第一种收入。

而 Jupiter 永续合约交易手续费的 75 % 将回到 JLP 中,丰厚的手续费收入让 JLP 年化收入长期保持在 30% 上方,甚至有时达 50% 以上。

JLP 本身由 47% 的 SOL,8 % 的 ETH ,13 % 的 BTC 和 32 % 的 USDC 构成,保持对加密资产的风险敞口。于是在 SOL 强势的 2024 年,叠加着前两种收益,JLP 涨超 3 倍。而在 SOL 由 295 美元跌破 100 美元的这 3 个月里,由于 JLP 风险敞口有限且有前两种收益缓冲,跌幅为 30 %,SOL 价格回暖后 JLP 已先一步创下新高。

这样看来,JLP 亏损的场景为合约交易员在极端行情下短期获利(但统计学表示他们早晚会亏回去 ...),和加密资产长期价格走弱。而长期风险似乎只有后者。只要把这部分风险给对冲掉,我们就能获得一个底层为优质资产的高收益策略。

Neutral 是 Solana 上的 1 个机构级链上策略对冲基金,它提供了这样一个策略方案:

用户存入 USDC,把 USDC 兑换为 JLP。在借贷协议里抵押 JLP,借出 USDC 再兑换为 JLP。(当 JLP 的年化收益大于借贷利息时即盈利),最后使用永续合约(Drift)做空所持有 JLP 对应的加密资产份额(SOL、ETH、BTC)使策略实现风险中性(理论上不会因为价格波动造成亏损)。

该策略的 Neutral 金库现在 TVL (总锁仓价值)超 1200 万美元,年化收益超 15%,最大回撤基本控制在 2% 以内。

散户风险与机构优势

那我为什么不自己来执行这个策略,而是交给类似 Neutral 这样的产品呢?自己来还不会被收取手续费(Neutral 对各种策略收取 10 ~ 25% 的 performance 费,从利润中扣除对应比例。)

原因很简单:散户往往无法对复杂的策略收益做好风险管控

在执行上述策略的过程中,做空对冲有爆仓风险、资金费率异常风险,借贷杠杆部分有长期利率倒挂造成亏损风险。即使不睡觉盯盘,也不一定有多余资金在突发情况下添加保证金、解开借贷循环。

而机构级别的对冲基金受团队 24 小时监控,对各种系统风险有着丰富的处理经验和预备方案,在风险管控方面确实强过散户一个量级。收益的前提是本金安全,是相信自己采用 Degen 模式换取最高收益,还是牺牲部分收益换取更安心的风险管控,需要综合个人情况审慎考虑。

项目概况

说回 Neutral 项目本身。它不是市面上唯一的链上对冲基金,选择介绍它是因为它正与 Solana 中文社区合作推广,有着背书相对靠谱。其次是它还有正在进行的积分系统,存在发币预期,在赚取策略收益的同时还可以一鱼多吃布局项目空投。(它的积分计算规则为:每 1 美元资产 1 年产生 1 分,相当于存入 365 美元每天 1 分)

Neutral 最早是 Solana Radar 黑客松的获奖项目,现已成长为 TVL 近 3600 万美元,为用户产生近 250 万美元收益的初具规模的新兴协议。创始人 Rick 和 Jared 是来自高盛和全球前三对冲基金的资深量化交易员。6 月 1 日 Neutral 宣布获得了 Cumberland 和一众 Solana 生态项目和参与者的 200 万美元融资。

除了主推的 JLP 中性策略外,Neutral 还有包括 Hyperliquid 资费套利在内的多个收益策略。需要注意的是并非所有策略都是中性风险,标注有 Directional 的策略可能会随市场行情剧烈波动,感兴趣的读者可以自行研究。

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