Messari关于Covalent（CQT）数据可用性的报告摘要

Odaily星球日报Опубликовано 2023-12-25Обновлено 2023-12-25

Введение

截至 2023 年 12 月，Covalent 支持 210 多个区块链，并计划在 2024 年底支持 1000 多个区块链。

核心摘要

  • Covalent 提供了一个统一的 API，允许开发人员在多条公链上重复使用查询。

  • 该项目已经为许多加密货币公司提供了数据，涵盖了广泛的用例，包括 Consensys（投资者仪表板）、CoinGecko（加密货币市场数据聚合平台）、Rotki（税务工具）、NFTX（NFT 画廊）和 Rainbow（消费者钱包）。

  • 截至 2023 年 12 月，Covalent 支持 210 多个区块链，并计划在 2024 年底支持 1000 多个区块链。

  • Covalent 网络已经上线，担任两个关键角色：区块标本生成者和区块结果生成者。

  • The Graph 目前适用于需要专门数据集的项目，而 Covalent 目前最适合为需要通用、广泛适用数据的应用提供服务。

简介

Messari 对 Covalent（CQT）的报告摘要强调了该项目的海量数据可用性，拥有数十亿条数据。

尽管区块链数据是公开且可访问的，但往往难以获取。当钱包和 NFT 市场等应用程序需要从多个区块链获取数据，并且这些区块链具有不同的输出格式时，问题变得更加复杂。Covalent 构建了一个协议，可以标准化来自 210 多个区块链的数据；其统一 API 允许开发者在支持的网络中重复使用查询。

API（应用程序接口）在两个参与方之间传输数据：客户端和服务器。使用 API，服务器可以对其系统进行控制并响应客户端的请求。用户（如应用程序开发者或分析公司）通过 API 从中提取数据，而数据提供者则保持所有权。尽管许多公司已经构建了服务器端基础设施，以提供对区块链数据的访问权限，但大多数仅限于 RPC 层。这些传统方法往往只能获取格式化为请求的区块链所需的表面级数据。

Covalent 的协议比传统方法更加深入：它从各个区块链中提取数据，将数据上传到存储实例中，对存储的数据对象进行索引和转换，并将数据加载到本地数据仓库中，供 API 用户查询。在整个过程中，它向 Moonbeam 网络发送证明以验证每个步骤完成的工作。简而言之，Covalent 通过加密方式安全地标准化了提取的所有区块链数据，以便开发者可以以统一的方式从任何链中查询，这就是统一 API 的由来。

Messari关于Covalent（CQT）数据可用性的报告摘要

Covalent 概览

Covalent 的渐进式去中心化

Covalent 始于 2017 年的一个黑客马拉松项目。自成立以来，它一直致力于构建一个能够从区块链中提供深度指标的索引引擎。这些深度指标的示例包括获取任意区块高度的代币持有人或获取特定智能合约地址发出的日志事件。

在 2020 年 10 月，Covalent 仅支持以太坊。但截至 2023 年 12 月，Covalent 已支持超过 210 个不断增长的区块链网络，API 用户可以进行查询。此外，在 2022 年，Covalent 成为第一个索引应用链的区块链数据提供商。

在进行渐进式去中心化之前，Covalent 寻求了其索引引擎的产品市场适应性。除了支持并对 Covalent 有兴趣的各方之外，该项目还从加密货币行业的客户（如 ConsenSys、CoinGecko 和 Rainbow）获得了收入。Covalent 告诉 Messari，多年来为企业客户提供业务活动证实了市场需求，为可以从其统一 API 查询的数据类型奠定了基础。

网络参与者

Covalent 的去中心化协议将有多个称为“运营商”的网络参与者。目前，两个网络运营商角色与质押功能同时存在。它们是“区块标本生成者”和“提炼者”。截至 2023 年 12 月，Covalent 有15 个区块标本生成者（BSP），其中包括 Chorus One、Woodstock、StakeWithUs 和 Meria 等知名运营商。不过，随着 Covalent 去中心化的过程继续演进，这一角色需获得权限才能进行。

区块标本生产者提取原始的区块链数据，并创建一个称为"区块标本"的数据对象。区块标本生产者的标准承诺使得区块链数据在执行环境之外可以组合和重复使用。然后，区块标本生产者将区块标本上传到存储实例中，创建存储的区块标本的哈希（或证明），并将证明发布到 Moonbeam 上的 Covalent ProofChain 智能合约中。一旦证明在 Moonbeam 上，其他网络节点就可以验证区块标本生产者的工作。

Messari关于Covalent（CQT）数据可用性的报告摘要

截至 2023 年 12 月的质押 CQT

同时，"提炼者"是一个处理框架，专为可扩展和可验证的数据转换而设计。区块结果（Block Result）是众多可能的输出之一，它是区块链节点通过 RPC 调用返回的区块数据的一一对应表示，并带有可选的附加信息字段。与区块标本生产者一样，提炼者采用加密技术确保转换有效。

其他尚未上线的网络运营商角色包括查询运营商、审计员和存储运营商。

  • 在响应 API 查询之前，查询运营商将转换后的数据加载到本地数据仓库中。

  • 每个网络运营商在审计员确认特定时期的每个证明后都会获得报酬。在支付之前，会从所有网络运营商中随机选择一组审计员，在审核的时间段内担任审核员。

  • 当区块标本生产者将数据上传到存储实例时，他们既可以在本地运行该实例，也可以付费给存储运营商运行该实例。存储运营商应通过 IPFS 加载并在本地存储证明，从而提高证明的数据可用性。

Covalent 目前正在管理这些角色并努力将其开放给渴望参与的实体。

Covalent 告诉 Messari，计划在 2024 年之前上线所有网络运营商角色。随着 Covalent 协议的去中心化，网络参与者（如区块标本生产者、精炼者和查询运营商）的增长和活动将揭示其去中心化的整体效果。

Messari关于Covalent（CQT）数据可用性的报告摘要

Covalent 通过一次私募种子轮融资、两次战略性私募融资和一次公募中筹集了大约 1571 万美元。2020 年的私募参与者包括 Woodstock Fund、1kx Capital、Mechanism Capital、AU 21 Capital、Brilliance Ventures、TRG Capital 和 CoinGecko。2021 年的私募参与者包括 Hashed、Binance Labs、Coinbase Ventures、Delphi Ventures、Hypersphere Ventures 以及 Avalanche、NEAR Protocol、Elrond 和 Moonbeam 背后的实体。

Covalent Query Token (CQT)在以太坊上推出，最大供应量为 10 亿个，具有不同的解锁计划。在这个供应量中，大约 33.3% （3.33 亿个 CQT）分配给了上述私募销售参与者。团队和顾问分配了大约 16.4% （1.64 亿个 CQT）的最大供应量。剩下的分配（公开销售、质押、储备和生态系统）占最大供应量的大约 50.3% （5.03 亿个 CQT）。目前，所有私募和公开投资者的代币已解锁。

CQT 是一种治理代币，也用于与网络运营商进行质押和结算支付。随着 Covalent 的去中心化进程，治理仍处于早期阶段，需要团队的手动干预。尽管社区成员会在论坛和 Discord 上生成改进提案，但团队会根据反馈和大致共识决定是否将提案移至 Snapshot 进行最终的链下投票。通过的提案随后由 Covalent 团队实施。截至 2023 年 12 月，Covalent 已经在 Snapshot 上进行了四次投票，其中最近一次是在 2023 年 9 月。

虽然治理使用的是以太坊上的 CQT，但质押和支付结算是通过与 Moonbeam 桥接的 CQT 进行的。CQT 采用了一种名为"质押以获取访问权"（Stake-for-Access，SFA）的代币模型，要求网络运营商质押 CQT 来执行网络职责，并随后获得报酬。网络运营商以质押 CQT 的方式参与，存在质押资产因疏忽或恶意行为而被减持的风险——不过截至 2023 年 12 月，减持尚未生效。

由于解约期的原因，网络运营商持有的 CQT 至少在 180 天内不能出售。CQT 的价值将由连接 API 需求与网络数据供应的机制驱动。暂定从 2024 年第二季度开始，将以美元计价的稳定

币进行支付，稳定币将用于市场购买 CQT 以奖励运营商。解绑期和市场购买功能可能会使资产价格受益，因为卖出压力减少，买入压力增加。不过，负债和基础设施开销可能会以另一种货币支付，这可能会给网络运营商带来挑战，因为新奖励的 CQT 可能会面临抛压。

选择不运行运营节点的持有人可以将 CQT 委托给网络运营商。作为回报，他们将根据质押的 CQT 数量和网络运营商所收取的佣金获得可变收益。收益来自通胀性质押奖励（用作激励来启动网络运营商活动），这些奖励将在最多四年内补充网络奖励。在持续活动的情况下，奖励将来自向协议支付的对 Covalent API 进行查询的费用。

值得关注的竞争对手

看到关键词“API”时，人们很容易想要将 Covalent 与任何通过 API 提供链上数据访问的竞争对手进行比较。然而，大多数提供 API 产品的实体只在 RPC 层面收集数据。仅在这一层面停留将使得查询和标准化不同区块链数据的负担落在开发团队的肩上。

潜在的互补方案

由于 Covalent 提供统一的 API，像 Infura 和 Alchemy 这样的服务提供商可以被视为 Covalent 的互补。Covalent 告诉 Messari，其网络运营商实际上从诸如 Infura 和 CoinGecko 之类的来源获取数据，然后将数据打包，以便从 Covalent 的统一 API 中提取。在多链世界中，从 RPC 层检索的数据可能与其他链的数据不同，因此这种灵活性在其中变得非常重要。

The Graph

虽然 Alchemy 和 Infura 采用了集中化结构，但 The Graph 是一个索引协议，网络参与者受到激励以获取奖励执行关键运营任务。与 Covalent 相比，The Graph 的所有网络参与者角色都是实时的。The Graph 计划在满足特定退出标准和索引器准备就绪的驱动下，逐步停止其按链托管的服务，以实现完全去中心化。

然而，Covalent 和 The Graph 并不直接竞争作为市场索引器。使用 Covalent 的应用程序往往需要通用性强、广泛适用的数据，而不需要子图开发者构建的高度专业化的数据集。在钱包、NFT 市场和税务服务等领域的应用程序更有可能使用 Covalent。通过根据可查询数据类型策划指数，Covalent 目前选择放弃对社区创建的数据集进行索引。未来，它计划引入由社区维护的 API 终端，称为C 类终端。

就开发而言，The Graph 依赖独立开发者或团队创建子图（包含链上数据的开放 API）。考虑到子图开发需要高度的专业知识，大部分有意义的子图是由像Messari或<a href="https://github.com/Uniswap/v3-subgraph">Uniswap Labs 这样高度组织的实体构建的。The Graph 通过提供开发工具来帮助独立实体构建子图，从而弥补了缺乏市场派生的广泛数据提供。

虽然外包开发可能导致构建过于专业化的子图，但这些 API 往往包含比专注于标准化的协议更深入的信息访问。Covalent 计划增加对由社区维护的 API 终端的支持，类似于子图。与 The Graph 的竞争不是面对面的，两个协议可以通过为各种项目提供支持而并行存在。

文末思考

在构建使用链上数据的应用程序时，项目应根据以下四个因素选择其提供者：

  1. 提供者支持的链的数量。

  2. 可以提取的数据类型。

  3. 数据的安全性/准确性。

  4. 延迟（提供者的区块滞后数量）。

经过多年为 ConsenSys、CoinGecko 和 Rainbow 等加密领域的精英公司提供服务，Covalent 对其统一 API 进行了迭代，为超过 210 个支持的区块链提供了一个强大的细粒度数据集，这些数据具有可衡量的市场需求。Covalent 在其数据流程的每个步骤都发布了证明，同时对其支持的每个区块链保持了两个区块的延迟。随着世界朝着多链未来的趋势发展，Covalent 将在链上数据索引器领域发挥重要作用。它将为用户提供一种安全、快速和统一的方法来查询来自平行网络的数据。

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