# Layer 2 Related Articles

HTX News Center provides the latest articles and in-depth analysis on "Layer 2", covering market trends, project updates, tech developments, and regulatory policies in the crypto industry.

L2 'Recalibration': When L1 Becomes Its Own Rollup, What Is Ethereum's Endgame?

The article discusses the evolving relationship between Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 2 (L2) solutions, moving beyond the initial "L2 for scaling" model. As Ethereum L1 itself scales (increasing Gas Limit, statelessness, zkEVM), the unique value proposition of L2s shifts from merely providing cheap execution to offering differentiated features like application-specific optimization, privacy, and flexible governance. The piece explores three key themes: 1. **L2's New Role:** L2s are transitioning from a pure scaling technology to a spectrum of execution environments with varying degrees of security inheritance from Ethereum L1. 2. **Interoperability as State Trust:** Solving L2 fragmentation is less about cross-chain bridges and more about enabling faster, trust-minimized state verification between environments. This involves initiatives like faster L1 finality, intent-based architectures (Open Intents Framework), and native account abstraction. 3. **Blurring Layers:** With the potential integration of zk-proofs into L1 validation (making L1 akin to its own "Rollup") and the concept of "Native Rollups," the rigid boundary between L1 and L2 may fade. The future could be a unified system with multiple execution domains (for DeFi, gaming, privacy, etc.) sharing a common security, settlement, and state framework. In conclusion, Ethereum's goal is not to abandon L2s or re-centralize everything on L1, but to re-integrate the fragmented user experience—liquidity, accounts, applications—while preserving the scaling benefits of a multi-environment ecosystem. The endgame is a cohesive "one chain" feeling for users, powered by diverse but securely interconnected execution layers.

marsbit07/21 12:54

L2 'Recalibration': When L1 Becomes Its Own Rollup, What Is Ethereum's Endgame?

marsbit07/21 12:54

Base Under Pressure

**Title: The Pressure Mounts for Base** Base, the Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Coinbase, is facing significant pressure and public scrutiny from its leadership following the launch of Robinhood Chain. Base co-founder Jesse Pollak recently acknowledged strategic missteps, admitting that the chain's past focus on social and creator tokens (e.g., through Farcaster, Zora) failed to deliver sustainable adoption. He has refocused on core infrastructure, handing leadership of the Base App back to Coinbase's Cobie. While Base remains a top L2 contender alongside OP Mainnet and Arbitrum, and boasts the highest TVL (nearly $12B), its weaknesses are being highlighted by the new competitor. Key criticisms include its slow progress on decentralization. Base has faced issues with its single sequencer causing block production halts, and L2BEAT is reportedly considering downgrading its decentralization rating from Stage 1 to Stage 0. This contrasts sharply with the rapid initial success of Robinhood Chain, whose DEX quickly entered the top five by volume. The leadership styles of the parent companies are also being compared: Robinhood's CEO actively engages with new projects, while a recent incident where Coinbase's Brian Armstrong briefly changed his profile picture—sparking and then crashing a related meme token—drew community ire and mockery. Pollak stated Base is working with Coinbase on tokenized stocks backed 1:1 by real equity, differentiating it from Robinhood's derivatives model. However, the article argues that Base's most urgent task is to address its long-standing technical and trust issues. With more traditional finance players likely to emulate Robinhood's path, Base must use this competitive pressure to solidify its position as long-term financial infrastructure.

Foresight News07/21 08:46

Base Under Pressure

Foresight News07/21 08:46

Three Years of 'Decentralization' Promises Unfulfilled: Is Base Still at a Standstill?

**Summary: "Three Years of 'Decentralization' Promises Unfulfilled – Has Base Stagnated?"** This article critically examines Coinbase's layer-2 blockchain, Base, arguing that its three-year promise of decentralization remains unfulfilled. Originally launched in 2023 with a roadmap towards decentralization, Base has consistently been rated at "Stage 0" (fully centralized) by industry monitors like L2Beat, indicating no meaningful decentralization progress. Key points include: * **Broken Promises:** Coinbase's 2023 and 2024 decentralization roadmaps and commitments, made in partnership with Optimism, have been largely abandoned without substantial progress. In 2026, Coinbase scrapped its original plan and consolidated all administrative control (via multi-signature wallets) under its own authority. * **Centralized Reality:** The article asserts Base is effectively a centralized, inefficient distributed database run by Coinbase employees, not a decentralized network. This was highlighted by two network outages in June 2026, where Coinbase directly modified code and rolled back the blockchain to fix issues. * **Regulatory and Legal Concerns:** The author raises significant questions about compliance. Base operates without mandatory KYC/AML checks, which may conflict with Coinbase's existing financial licenses that require such oversight. The prolonged lack of progress challenges the legitimacy of continued regulatory forbearance. * **Broader Industry Problem:** The stagnation is framed as part of a wider industry failure, where most Ethereum layer-2s have made slow or no progress toward the technically challenging "Stage 2" full decentralization envisioned by figures like Vitalik Buterin. In conclusion, the article posits that Base represents a case of "decentralization theater," where marketing and complex terminology obscure a centrally-controlled service that may be operating in a regulatory gray area for an unreasonably long period without delivering on its core promise.

marsbit07/20 09:19

Three Years of 'Decentralization' Promises Unfulfilled: Is Base Still at a Standstill?

marsbit07/20 09:19

Three-Year 'Decentralization' Promise Falls Flat, Is Base Still Stagnating?

Three years after its launch, Coinbase's Layer-2 solution Base has failed to deliver on its decentralization promises, remaining a centrally controlled "Stage 0" network, according to industry monitor L2Beat. The article argues Base functions as a tool for Coinbase to offer unregulated fund transfers, bypassing Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) checks. Coinbase initially published a decentralization roadmap in 2023, pledging collaboration with Optimism. However, progress stalled. By February 2026, Coinbase abandoned this plan, consolidating all administrative control via two multi-signature wallets. Network outages in June 2026, requiring Coinbase to manually roll back the chain, underscored its centralized nature. The piece criticizes Base as an inefficient, unstable distributed database—a solved technical problem for decades—that adds blockchain complexity without achieving decentralization. All development and operations are handled by Coinbase employees, making Base a Coinbase product. Key questions are raised: Did Coinbase ever have a viable decentralization plan? Is full decentralization for Layer-2s feasible in the short term? How long should regulators tolerate a platform operating without required financial licenses? The author contends that after 40 months with no real decentralization progress, continued regulatory leniency is unjustified, potentially constituting unlicensed money transmission.

Foresight News07/20 09:03

Three-Year 'Decentralization' Promise Falls Flat, Is Base Still Stagnating?

Foresight News07/20 09:03

Base Abandons Social Direction, Founder Admits Strategic Failure

Base, the Ethereum Layer-2 network often called the "L2 King," has formally ended its three-year "exploration era," with co-founder Jesse Pollak admitting its strategic focus on social applications was a mistake. In a recent statement, Pollak acknowledged that bets on social platforms like Farcaster and Zora, creator coins, and mini-apps failed to drive mainstream crypto adoption, leaving Base behind competitors in areas like perpetual contracts and payment solutions. He confirmed that Base's flagship app will now be managed by Cobie, a community leader, under Coinbase's oversight. Pollak's review highlighted Base's past struggles: leadership overemphasized a "creator economy" with limited real earnings for creators, development often followed trends set by Solana or BNB Chain, and a significant portion of on-chain activity was reportedly inflated. The vision of using social media to onboard billions to crypto clashed with the dominance of established Web2 platforms. Moving forward, Base will pivot to three core areas, as outlined by both Pollak and Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong: **trading** (including tokenized stocks and memecoins), **payments** (leveraging global stablecoins), and **AI Agent services** (preparing for a machine-driven economy using crypto as native currency). This shift is seen as a return to crypto's fundamental strengths—finance and transactions. The strategic change coincides with personnel shifts at Coinbase, including the departure of executives like the Chief Legal Officer. Notably, Pollak himself has returned to hands-on coding. Furthermore, Coinbase reports that over 95% of its code is now AI-generated or assisted, with AI agents already performing work equivalent to about 1,200 employees—a trend expected to grow significantly, signaling how AI is reshaping the company's own operations as Base prepares to serve a future AI Agent economy.

Odaily星球日报07/16 07:59

Base Abandons Social Direction, Founder Admits Strategic Failure

Odaily星球日报07/16 07:59

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