频频踩雷后,全球最大加密借贷平台欠债超18亿美元

链新Published on 2022-12-07Last updated on 2022-12-07

Abstract

Genesis借贷业务的机构客户达 165 个,如破产将产生比FTX、LUNA更深远的影响。

Genesis借贷业务的机构客户达 165 个,如破产将产生比FTX、LUNA更深远的影响。

加密借贷平台Genesis的流动性危机正变得越来越紧迫。

12月6日,Genesis的最大债权人Gemini表示,退还9亿美元资金是首要任务。

由于受到FTX破产的波及,Genesis半个月前宣布暂停赎回和新贷款发放,然而截止目前,Genesis的紧急融资并未取得有效进展,而相关的破产传言则在全网传播。

据报道,Genesis已披露的债务总额已达18亿美元,并在继续增长。

在FTX破产事件中,不只是Genesis,其母公司DCG和姊妹公司灰度(Grayscale)也面临危机。

行业分析人士表示,受Genesis影响,DCG的100亿美元市值或已减半。由于Genesis面向机构客户,其布局范围相较于FTX等更广,Genesis如果破产,将对加密行业造成比LUNA、FTX等事件更为深远的影响。

1、5亿美元融资难倒全球最大借贷平台

12月6日,加密货币交易所Gemini总裁兼首席执行官Cameron Winklevoss在社交媒体上表示,与其他债权人组成了一个债权人委员会,以协调努力,共同倡导解决问题。“退还资金是我们的首要任务,我们正以最紧迫的方式运作。”

11月16日,全球最大的加密借贷平台Genesis宣布,暂停赎回和新贷款发放。随后,Gemini发文称,其理财产品Earn受Genesis影响而暂停取款服务。

在Genesis的流动性危机中,Gemini是Genesis最大的债权人。据媒体报道,加密借贷平台Genesis对Gemini的债务达9亿美元,而Genesis已披露的债务总额已达18亿美元,并在继续增长。

为应对危机,Genesis曾寻求10亿美元的紧急贷款,后Genesis再把融资目标从10亿降低至5亿。然而,截止目前,尚未取得成功。

Genesis曾寻求币安融资,但遭拒绝,原因是币安担心Genesis的一些业务可能会在未来产生利益冲突。

11月21日,Genesis表示,没有立即申请破产的计划,目标是以协商一致的方式解决目前的情况,而不需要申请破产。

但也有媒体警告投资者称,如果Genesis无法筹到资金,可能需要申请破产。

Genesis于2013年推出首个比特币场外交易平台,是业内规模最大的加密货币借贷经纪商之一。据其官网显示,2021年,Genesis完成现货成交量超1160亿美元,贷款发放超1300亿美元,衍生品交易超530亿美元。

Genesis是DCG(Digital Currency Group)的子公司。

DCG是全球最大的加密资产公司之一,其旗下有区块链媒体Coindesk 和灰度等加密行业巨头。2021年底,DCG曾以 100 亿美元的估值融资 7 亿美元,投资机构包括软银、谷歌母公司Alphabet等。

行业分析人士表示,Genesis如破产将会严重拖累DCG,而Genesis和DCG有着复杂的财务往来,和FTX、Alameda之间的关系相似。

据DCG发给股东的内部信显示,DCG对Genesis负有5.75 亿美元的债务,将于 2023年5月到期。

而据区块链分析公司Messari 分析显示, DCG 的市值或已减少 50%。DCG 可能持有Genesis 约6~8 亿美元的加密货币抵押品,其中大部分是DCG另一家子公司灰度的GBTC和ETHE股票。

2、频频踩雷损失13亿美元

Genesis的危机,和今年以来的LUNA、三箭资本、FTX等多个暴雷事件有关。今年以来,Genesis频频踩雷,并一步步陷入困境。

今年5月,受“LUNA暴雷”事件影响,三箭资本走向破产。法律文件显示,三箭资本欠下27家公司高达35亿美元,包括Genesis等。

Genesis是三箭资本的最大债权人,其共向三箭资本提供了23亿美元的贷款,在清算抵押物价值之后,Genesis仍向三箭资本提出12亿美元规模的索赔。

有媒体统计称,Genesis此次受到的损失很可能超过其母公司DCG的历史总净收入。

受此影响,Genesis首席执行官Michael Moro宣布辞职,公司员工裁减了20%。

Genesis 2022年第三季度报告显示,Genesis第三季度的贷款发放和现货交易量都急剧下降,贷款发放从第二季度的400亿美元降至第三季度的84亿美元,降幅近79%,现货交易量从266亿美元降至96亿美元,降幅达63%。

11月,Genesis再遭遇FTX暴雷,并至少损失1.75亿美元。

FTX破产之后,Genesis的衍生品部门表示,其在FTX账户中锁定了 1.75 亿美元的资金。

此后,DCG紧急注入1.4亿美元,但Genesis的流动性已几乎耗尽。11月16日,Genesis冻结了取款和贷款发放服务。

11月11日,Genesis 在社交媒体上表示,与 FTX 或 Alameda 没有持续的借贷关系。然而,FTX破产导致Genesis损失的金额令人质疑,不少证据表明Genesis可能为FTX的主要贷方。

行业分析人士表示,从区块链浏览器上可查询到,FTX和Alameda Research长期存在大量资金往来,2021年11月和12月,Alameda共向Genesis发送价值17亿美元的FTT,而2022年6月和7月,Genesis返还Alameda Research 14亿美元的FTT。Genesis很可能是Alameda Research的主要贷方。

据数据分析平台Arkham显示,在过去三个月里,Genesis从FTX和其姊妹公司Alameda Research收到价值超过10亿美元的FTT代币。Genesis很可能将FTT代币作为抵押品,给FTX和Alameda Research提供大量贷款。

风控不足,或许是Genesis面临危机的另一个原因。

三箭资本创始人Su Zhu曾在接受采访时表示:“Genesis曾在2020年初一口气归还数十亿美元贷款,并请求我们再次找他们借钱。想想我们和 Alameda Research,作为迄今为止 CeFi 领域最大的借款方,我们都逐渐产生了‘后援无限’的错觉。”

Su Zhu称,由于贷款机构和经纪公司一直搞内幕交易,行业给那些最大的交易公司们罩上了黑箱,逐渐滋生了一种保密和不透明的文化。

3、影响深远,Genesis机构客户达165个

2022年,加密行业崩盘事件频发,然而,相对于LUNA、三箭资本、FTX等事件,Genesis的影响或将更为深远。

行业分析人士表示,如果Genesis无法在近期筹集到资金缓解危机,最终将面临破产的结局。如果Genesis破产,势必对DCG的业务和加密行业造成重大影响。

该分析人士称,在极端的情况下,DCG或将对灰度GBTC进行清盘,并将变现所得资金分给投资者,这将导致加密市场的行情出现更剧烈的波动,包括比特币在内的加密资产将被大规模抛盘,投资者会因此遭受损失。

据Coinbase披露的数据显示,灰度GBTC持有超63.5万枚比特币(价值约757亿元人民币)。

中国通信工业协会区块链专委会共同主席、香港区块链协会荣誉主席于佳宁表示,如Luna、FTX的失败对加密市场的诸多机构造成连锁影响一般,Genesis 也可能会影响到许多加密机构的正常运转,甚至其造成的后续影响会更加深远。FTX等主要面向散户和做市商,Genesis 的主营业务是为机构提供大宗经纪服务,其布局范围相较于FTX的机构客户更广。

据Genesis公布的报告显示,截止2022年第三季度,Genesis存款业务的机构客户数量增至 165 个。

目前,已公开的Genesis债权人包括加密货币交易所Gemini、稳定币USDC发行商Circle、韩国加密交易所Gopax等知名加密机构。

于佳宁认为区块链行业长期发展仍有较大机遇,他表示,牛市熊市转换在加密行业已经历多次,信任危机在每轮熊市都有相似的案例,如2014年Mt.Gox交易所破产、2016 年以太坊早期项目The DAO被黑客攻击、2018 年热门交易平台Fcoin崩盘等,但每次危机后加密行业都会在反思中重建并进一步发展。

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