全面分析FTX事件的后续影响

老雅痞Published on 2022-11-19Last updated on 2022-11-19

Abstract

在这份报告中，我们分析了FTX的银行挤兑、寻求自我托管的安全性，以及比特币最强者的反应。

随着FTX交易所的毁灭性崩溃，数字资产行业经历了Mt Gox以来最令人震惊的托管公司破产。在这份报告中，我们分析了FTX的银行挤兑、寻求自我托管的安全性，以及比特币最强者的反应。

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至少可以说，在2022年11月6日至14日期间发生在数字资产行业的事件是引人注目、令人震惊和失望的。在短短一周内，最受欢迎、交易量最高的交易所之一FTX.com经历了：

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银行挤兑。

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停止客户取款。

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与竞争对手币安的收购谈判以失败告终。

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被发现客户资金缺口有80亿至100亿美元。

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据称他们的交易所钱包被黑了5亿美元。

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与姊妹公司FTX US一起申请破产保护。

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揭露了Alameda / FTX实体的渎职行为。

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这样的事件对行业来说是一个巨大的打击，让数百万客户的资金陷入困境，破坏了多年来颇具建设性的行业声誉，并产生了新的可能仍未被发现的信贷传染风险。这一事件让人回想起了2013年Mt Gox的破产。

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在这种混乱中，重要的是要记住数字资产空间是一个自由市场，这个事件代表的是一个受信任的中心化实体的失败，而不是底层加密技术的失败。比特币没有救市的办法，整个行业去杠杆化的森林大火将清除所有过度投机和渎职行为，尽管这一过程会带来巨大的痛苦。随着对交易所储备证明的重新关注以及对自我托管的推动，市场将在未来数月乃至数年痊愈、恢复并变得更加强大。

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在本周的报告中，我们将介绍：

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关于FTX链上钱包的银行挤兑细节。

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对交易所余额和自我托管的更广泛影响。

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观察对比特币长期持有者信心的影响。

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部分储备金

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关于FTX如何在资产负债表上出现80亿至100亿美元的缺口，并损失客户存款的真相最终会浮出水面，尽管大量证据表明，FTX是通过姊妹对冲基金Alameda Research挪用的资金。

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多年来，跟踪FTX的交易所储备对许多数据提供商来说都是一项挑战，我们自己的经验是，FTX使用了一个相对复杂的剥离链系统来进行BTC储备。在今年4月至5月，我们集群内的FTX储备达到了超过10.2万枚比特币的峰值。这一数字在6月底大幅下降了51.3%。

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此后，储备金持续下降，直到在本周的银行挤兑中实际归零。随着Alameda挪用客户存款的指控浮出水面，这表明Alameda-FTX实体实际上可能在LUNA、3AC和其他贷款人破产后，在5月至6月经历了严重的资产负债表减值。

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FTX持有的ETH供应也经历了两个显著下降时期：

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6月，储备下降了-57.6万枚ETH (-55.2%)

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本周，从61.1万枚ETH下降至2800(-99.5%)

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与比特币的余额类似，这使得FTX拥有的钱包中几乎没有ETH，银行挤兑有效地清理了资产负债表中的余额。

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当着眼于稳定币储备时，我们可以看到，FTX的总储备从10月19日开始显著下降，从7.25亿美元到随后一个月的归零。

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稳定币余额在6月抛售后大幅飙升至一个新的持续高度，而当时BTC和ETH储备已急剧下降。这可能进一步表明，在该阶段发生了一定程度的资产负债表减值，需要用稳定币交换或借出BTC和/或ETH抵押品。

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尽管FTX和Alameda之间到底发生了什么仍存在很大的不确定性，但仍然有越来越多的链上数据表明，早在5-6月就已经形成了缺口。这是交易所极有可能不可避免崩盘的前兆。

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自我托管的安全性

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在整个行业范围内，随着持有者寻求自我托管的安全性，我们看到了代币以历史性的速度从交易所撤出。以下图表描绘了自11月6日以来交易所、投资者钱包群和矿工的总余额变化，而当时FTX交易所的传言仍处于萌芽阶段。

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交易所见证了历史上最大的BTC总余额净下降之一，7天内下降了72.9万BTC。过去只有三个时期可以与之相提并论：2020年4月、2020年11月、2022年6月至7月。

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以太币的情况也类似，上周有101万ETH从交易所提出。这是自2020年9月“DeFi之夏”高峰以来最大的30天余额下降，当时对ETH作为智能合约抵押品的需求极高。

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虽然BTC和ETH交易所储备本周下降，但稳定币在净流入交易所，11月10日USDT、USDC、BUSD和DAI的合计流入超过10.4亿美元。这是历史上第七大单日净流入。

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这将所有交易所储备持有的稳定币推高至411.86亿美元的历史新高。我们还可以看到BUSD的主导地位显著上升，其交易所储备超过了214.4亿美元。这可能是币安最近向BUSD进行稳定币整合，以及其作为世界上最大交易所的主导地位日益增长的结果。

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USDT交易所储备在近几个月略有下降，而USDC储备则大幅下降，这表明市场偏好正在发生潜在转变。

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有趣的是，这些稳定币中有大量来自智能合约，并以每月46.3亿美元的速度从以太坊智能合约中撤出。这突显出对美元即时流动性的需求已变得十分迫切。

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因此，市场进入了一个有趣的状态，中心化实体发行的稳定币正流入交易所，而两大加密资产比特币和以太坊正以历史性的速度退出。

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从这里我们可以看到，总体上，稳定币在交易所的净购买力增加了40亿美元/月。这表明，尽管市场动荡，投资者似乎更倾向于持有无信任的BTC和ETH资产，而不是中心化实体发行的稳定币。

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这是一个相当有趣的信号，可以被认为是对底层资产有信心的建设性信号，也是市场在自我托管中寻求安全的一个案例。

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比特币余额激增

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随着如此大量的比特币流出交易所，我们可以看到在所有钱包群中，FTX事件引发了投资者行为的明显变化。链上钱包在FTX崩溃期间经历了净余额增长。对于一些群体来说，这是一个180度的转变。

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持有BTC<1的钱包仅在本周就增加了3.37万 BTC，30天内增加了5.14万BTC。这一水平的余额流入在历史上排名第二，超过了2017年牛市的峰值。

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拥有1到10个比特币的钱包群体同样激进，从交易所撤出了48.7万比特币，收购率接近2017年的牛市峰值。持有少于10个比特币的实体现在控制着超过15.913%的流通供应，这是一个令人信服的历史新高。

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持有10到1000BTC的钱包群体通常被称为Fish和shark。这个队列反映了具有高净值个人、交易公司和机构投资者数量级余额的实体。

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在经历了几个月的缓慢增长后，本周该队列的余额显著增加了7.8万BTC，这是该队列历史上最大的7天余额增长之一。这可能在一定程度上反映了一种“先退出，以后再问问题”的心态。

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对于拥有>1000 BTC的鲸鱼用户，我们只考虑直接流入和流出交易所的代币。这是为了更好地反映这些大型实体的真实投资者活动。鲸鱼玩家最近几周实际上是净积累者，30天的余额变化为+5.37万BTC。

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然而，他们在本周的网上参与比其他群体低一个数量级，余额仅小幅增加了3570BTC。

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最后，在余额变化方面还有比特币矿工。这已经是一个陷入困境的行业，由于最近的比特币价格下跌，他们承受着极大的压力。随着算力价格跌至历史最低点，矿工们本周被迫清算约9.5%的国库，卖出了7760枚比特币。这是自2018年9月以来矿工余额最严重的月度下降，显示了比特币矿工的顺周期特性。

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HODLer的决心

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在最后一部分，我们将介绍比特币HODLer的反应，以确认是否有明显的信念丧失。考虑到FTX崩盘的影响规模和深远后果，如果说哪个时刻是HODLer对该资产失去信心的时候，那么可能是现在。

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自11月6日以来，长期持有者的供应（也就是统计学上最不可能被卖出的）已经下降了6.15万BTC。在过去的7天里，大约有4.81万比特币被卖出，这当然是一个不小的事件。然而，考虑到上述余额变化的规模，并与历史先例进行比较，这还不足以推断信念的普遍丧失。然而，如果这种情况发展成LTH-供应的持续下降，则可能表明情况并非如此。

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下面的图表展示了超过1年的每周复活供应量总和的4年Z-Score。在过去的一周中，9.745万枚币龄超过1年的比特币已经被卖出，并有可能返回到流动性循环中。

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这代表了4年+0.83的sigma移动，这点值得注意，但还没有达到历史规模。与LTH供应一样，这是一个值得关注，以防它发展成一个持续趋势的指标。

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本周，每个比特币的平均寿命也攀升至略高于90天，是9月至10月低波动环境中观察到的三倍。旧币的卖出增加值得注意，这与以前的投降式抛售事件，甚至2021年牛市获利回吐期间看到的峰值一致。

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持续的上升趋势或休眠水平的升高可能表明更广泛的恐慌已经在HODLer群体中扎根。

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最后，我们可以回到4年Z-Score，但这次关注的是每coindays destroyed（CDD）总和。从这里我们可以看到，在经历了漫长的比特币供应极度休眠期后，本周coinday销毁量达到了高于平均值的+1.9个标准差。本周共有1.65亿个coinday被销毁，这相当于持有1年的45.22万枚比特币被卖出。

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总的来说，HODLer群体中肯定出现了一定程度的恐慌。然而，考虑到情况的严重性，这可以说是预期的结果。更值得关注的是这些峰值是否会在未来几周内降下来，这将表明这次的震荡更像是一个“事件”，而不是一种“趋势”。

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另一方面，旧币卖出的持续增加和LTH供应量的下降将是明确表明信心可能正在更广泛地丧失的警告信号。

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总结与结论

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FTX的崩溃意义重大，是该行业真正的耻辱。如果一个平台的用户发现自己被困住、委托给托管人的资金丢失了，这是一个非常可怕的事件。不幸的是，这是一场森林大火，也是一场最终要发生的去杠杆化事件，按照传统，比特币和整个行业将会反弹得更强。

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在这个充满挑战的时代，我们希望我们的每一位读者都能取得最好的成绩，并对这个经常经受考验的行业的决心保持极大的信心。在这样的时代，要像比特币一样具有弹性、稳健且势不可挡。机会之路就在眼前。

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就像过去所有类似的灾难一样，时间和奉献将治愈创伤，这个真正的自由市场将从错误中吸取教训，变得更强大，并比过去更具韧性。

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While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

423 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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