企业抛售比特币的五大价值逻辑

marsbitPublished on 2026-05-22Last updated on 2026-05-22

Abstract

近期,Strategy公司宣布可能出售部分比特币以达成经营目标,引发了市场关注。企业抛售比特币并非简单的利空行为,在特定场景下,此举能为企业和股东创造实际价值。文章阐述了企业可能选择抛售比特币的五大价值逻辑: **一、提升每股比特币持仓量:** 当公司股价低于其比特币资产价值时,出售比特币并回购股票可以提升每股的比特币持有量。同样,出售比特币来偿付债务也能最大限度减少此指标的下滑。 **二、优化资本结构,降低融资成本:** 出售比特币可以补充现金储备,满足评级机构要求,从而提升信用评级,获得更低的融资利率。长远来看,低成本负债能为企业增厚收益。 **三、合法税务筹划:** 利用美国暂无比特币洗售规则的政策,企业可以通过卖出并重新买入比特币来产生账面亏损,用以抵扣税款,实现税务优化。 **四、破除市场负面舆论:** 通过实际出售一定数量的比特币而不引发市场剧烈波动,可以有力回击关于企业抛售会摧毁市场的谣言,增强市场对其持有比特币模式的信心。 **五、折价回购优先股:** 当企业发行的优先股价格大幅低于面值时,出售比特币并用所得资金低价回购这些股份,可以直接赚取差价并结清高息负债,且收益可能免税。 总结而言,比特币的货币属性为企业提供了灵活的资金调配工具。合理运用出售策略,能够服务于优化资本结构、税务筹划、提升股东价值等核心经营目标。

撰文:Allard Peng

编译:Saoirse,Foresight News

近期 Strategy 公司宣布或将出售部分比特币以达成经营目标,此事引发市场哗然。该企业此前始终坚守绝不售币的立场,Saylor 甚至曾开玩笑发文,称哪怕变卖资产也不能抛售比特币。

事实上,对于持有比特币储备的企业而言,售币本就是备选经营方案。「永不抛售」只是长期投资理念的体现,契合加密领域普遍的长远投资思维。即便市场普遍推崇囤币理念,在诸多场景下,出售比特币依旧是合理选择。

个人层面售币多用于改善生活,诸如购房置业、出行旅游、子女教育、应对大额突发医疗开支等。而企业一切经营决策的核心宗旨,都是提升股东权益。

2026 年第一季度,比特币矿工共计抛售 25376 枚比特币,所得资金用于转型人工智能业务。企业管理层判定,人工智能项目的风险收益比高于比特币持仓。由此衍生出基础逻辑:存在回报率更高的投资标的时,出售比特币置换资产具备合理性。对于 Strategy 这类囤币企业,售币同样能够创造实际价值,具体分为五大原因。

原因一:提升每股比特币持仓量

每股比特币持有量是企业储备资产运营的核心目标,该指标阶段性增长即为比特币收益率。常规方式是购入比特币拉高持仓总量,也可通过回购股票缩减流通股本,两种方式均能推高每股持仓数值。

若公司股价低于其对应比特币资产价值,出售比特币回购股票,最终会提升每股比特币持仓量,比特币持仓降幅会小于股本缩减幅度。当企业经营性现金流无法覆盖优先股股息、债券利息等固定支出,且股价处于低估区间时,变卖比特币偿债付息,能够最大限度减少每股比特币持仓量的缩水。

原因二:优化资本结构,降低融资成本

评级机构深刻影响资本市场资金流向,遵循其评定规则能够助力企业顺利融资。此前相关报告分析了提升信用评级的可行方式,良好评级可有效压低企业融资成本。

标普评级认可现金储备的价值,Strategy 随即采纳该方案,截至 2026 年 1 月,企业现金储备规模达 22 亿美元,大幅打消投资者对企业无力兑付优先股分红的顾虑。

企业可出售比特币补充现金储备,迎合资本市场要求,进而以更低成本发行债券融资。同时,变卖比特币偿还债务,能够减少优先级负债,提升优先股的融资吸引力。

长远来看,融资利率的差距会借助复利效应拉开收益差距,低成本负债能为企业经营减负增收。

原因三:合法税务筹划

目前美国暂无比特币洗售交易限制,企业可卖出比特币产生账面亏损,随即再次购入,下调资产计税成本,以此抵扣税款。Strategy 早在 2022 年市场低谷期就运用过该操作。

该项税务优惠如今依旧生效,企业可结合亏损抵税政策,同步开展股票回购、清偿债务等操作,实现多重收益。

原因四:破除市场负面舆论

比特币行业发展时间较短,各类负面传言层出不穷。有不实言论声称,Strategy 一旦抛售比特币,会直接冲击整个加密市场,推翻企业囤币运营模式。

若企业抛售 5 万枚比特币后,市场价格与自身股价均未出现剧烈波动,便能击碎谣言,让资本市场接纳企业配置比特币资产的经营模式。

市场本身具备自我调节能力,刻意制造噱头的多为媒体与自媒体从业者,专业投资机构均依托实际调研制定决策,不会被片面言论干扰判断。这也是五大原因里主观性最强的一项。

原因五:折价回购优先股

市场较少提及该经营策略,当浮动利率金融产品价格大幅偏离票面价值时,企业可以远低于面值的价格回购产品,结清高额负债。

该操作等同于无利息、无借贷成本地平仓自家优先股空头仓位。以 STRC 产品为例,发行面值为 100 美元,若价格跌至 82 美元,企业抛售比特币资金低价回购股份,每股可赚取 18 美元差额,且该笔收益无需缴税。

STRC 自首次公开募股以来的价格走势

优先股价格下跌未必伴随比特币行情暴跌,杠杆交易容易触发连锁抛售。企业可趁价格低位回购股份,避免后续上调分红带来的资金损耗。

总结

企业出售比特币无需被视作利空行为,诸多场景下,售币能够维护企业与股东的切身利益。比特币具备货币属性,可为企业提供灵活的资金调配空间,合理运用资产才能发挥最大价值。

Related Questions

Q文章中提到的企业为何会考虑出售其持有的比特币?

A文章指出,对于持有比特币储备的企业,售币是备选经营方案,其核心宗旨是提升股东权益。当存在回报率更高的投资标的(如人工智能项目),或为了优化资本结构、进行税务筹划、破除负面舆论、以及折价回购优先股时,出售比特币是合理的商业决策。

Q文章列出的第一个出售比特币的价值逻辑是什么?其主要目标是什么?

A第一个价值逻辑是“提升每股比特币持仓量”。其主要目标是通过出售比特币回购股票,在股价低于其对应的比特币资产价值时,最终提升每股的比特币持仓数值,实现比特币收益率的增长。

Q企业如何通过出售比特币来优化其资本结构并降低融资成本?

A企业可以出售比特币来补充现金储备,这有助于迎合评级机构的要求,从而可能获得更好的信用评级。更好的信用评级能有效降低企业发行债券等融资活动的成本。长远来看,低成本的融资能为企业减负增收。

Q文章中提到的合法税务筹划具体指什么操作?

A具体指利用美国暂无比特币洗售交易限制的规则,企业可以卖出比特币产生账面亏损,然后再次购入,以此来降低资产的计税成本,并抵扣应缴税款。Strategy公司在2022年市场低谷期就曾运用过该操作。

Q为什么说“折价回购优先股”是企业出售比特币的一个价值逻辑?

A当企业发行的浮动利率优先股价格大幅低于其票面价值时,企业可以出售比特币筹集资金,以远低于面值的价格回购这些优先股。这等同于无成本地平仓了自身的负债空头仓位,直接赚取差价(如面值100美元,以82美元回购,每股赚18美元),并且该收益无需缴税,从而优化了资产负债表。

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