“市场渴望12月降息”,高盛交易员:情绪低迷,但许多客户认为“比特币若止跌,美股年底还会有行情”

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-24Last updated on 2025-11-24

尽管标普500指数仅较历史高点回落数个百分点,但市场交易情绪已降至冰点。高盛首席交易员Brian Garrett表示,周五虽录得100个基点的反弹,却被视为近年来"最失败"的反弹之一,交易台的氛围更像是市场跌停时的景象。

高盛多项技术指标显示市场正处于危险区域:流动性随波动率上升而枯竭,标普500的Gamma值已转为负值,防御性板块轮动加剧,系统性交易阈值被突破,波动率指标闪现恐慌信号。市场正呼吁美联储在12月降息。

这种情绪分裂在数据上表现明显。纳斯达克100指数平均日交易区间接近3%,标普500指数超过2%,而标普500指数期权的日均交易量已达到3.5万亿美元的历史新高,超过整个罗素2000指数的市场总值。

尽管如此,部分积极因素正在浮现。高盛指出,经济增长担忧可能被过度放大,流动性状况有望改善,AI生产力主题在客户对话中获得更多关注。许多客户将比特币等高贝塔资产视为风险偏好指标,认为如果比特币走势改善,年底反弹行情可能重启。

资金流向:防御性轮动加速

美股已连续第三周遭遇买盘,但投资者持续将配置转向防御性链条上端,买入医疗保健和耐用消费品板块,同时抛售"非盈利"板块。值得注意的是,非盈利科技股此前从8月至10月的两个月内飙升65%,但在过去一个月已暴跌25%,投资者正在加大做空力度。

高盛研究团队对管理数万亿美元资产的机构持仓数据分析显示,对冲基金和共同基金一致超配医疗保健板块,而一致低配的板块则是信息技术——这一共识颇为罕见。

主经纪商账簿数据显示,总敞口已达高位,投资者继续沿着防御性板块链条调整配置,主题策略团队总结称:"客户一直处于买入罢工状态,关键主题的不确定性导致更加防御性的姿态,资金流向偏向AI板块抛售和动量对冲。"

系统性抛压:刚刚开始

标普500指数本周最终跌破短期阈值,此前曾两次测试该水平。目前标普500指数与罗素2000、纳斯达克100指数均呈现负动量,预计将面临大规模股票供应:若一周持平将带来500亿美元抛压,若一个月持平则为620亿美元抛压——这意味着抛售压力高度前置。

高盛期货策略团队表示:"我们刚刚突破该水平,所以技术上抛售才刚刚开始。在接下来的交易时段,抛售规模和预测规模可能会大幅增长。"该团队将当前形势比作"第一局上半场,两人出局,但客队满垒"——跌破短期阈值仅4天时间。

负Gamma值也无助于稳定市场。高盛Gamma计算显示,截至周五为负20亿美元,且在近期任何节点都不会转为正值。

衍生品市场:恐慌信号闪现

多项股票波动率指标已发出警示。"波动率压力"指数在周五收于9.5分(满分10分)。顶层流动性已蒸发,英伟达财报后VIX隐含波动率飙升。

纳斯达克100指数的日均交易区间已接近3%,标普500指数的日均交易区间超过2%。这些区间范围远非平静水平,隐含波动率要回落需要这些区间显著收窄——尽管对日内Gamma对冲者而言,这是个绝佳时机。

值得单独指出的是,标普500期权的日均交易量现已达到3.5万亿美元,创下历史新高,正式超过罗素2000指数的全部市值(2000家公司的市值对比标普500期权的日度名义交易量)。

积极因素开始显现

尽管市场情绪低迷,高盛指出几个潜在积极因素:经济增长担忧可能被过度放大、美联储政策明确性、流动性支持、高水平不确定性已被定价,以及AI生产力提升可能延伸至非科技领域。

截至11月17日,亚特兰大联储对第三季度GDP的最新预测为4.1%,这一数字相当高——尤其是在周期性/防御性板块比率呈现经典头肩顶形态的背景下。尽管地区银行、运输、化工、低收入消费者、小企业等多个周期性领域表现低迷,但高盛客户认为,2026年上半年的增长应受益于税收法案,中等收入消费者的税收收入情况将有利,这一分歧值得关注。

流动性状况有望改善。过去一个月左右,国债回购利率走高且波动性加大,储备金降至本轮周期最低水平。这促使美联储在10月会议上宣布量化紧缩将于本月结束。这些压力比美联储预期的更为持续,因此预计美联储可能在新年开始购买国债以扩大资产负债表。随着财政部现金余额下降和储备金重建,未来一周状况可能略有缓解。

AI生产力主题在客户对话中获得更多关注。如果企业通过使用AI提高生产力并创造更多收益,这将利好标普500非科技板块,但尚未反映在股价中。如果这在未来几年成为现实,其价值将超越正常估值溢价。目前这仍是争论焦点。

高盛认为,自10月中旬以来的抛售主要集中在高贝塔因子和量子计算、比特币敏感股、稀土、战略性国家投资等热门主题。许多客户将这些视为未来风险偏好指标,认为若比特币走势好转,年底反弹行情可能重启。

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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