Bitwise:配置 10%的比特币会怎么样

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-06-04Last updated on 2025-06-04

Abstract

当你考虑将比特币添加到投资组合时,不要孤立地去做,要结合你的整体风险预算来考虑。

撰文:Matt Hougan,Bitwise 首席投资官

编译:AIMan@金色财经

比特币是一种高度波动的资产。以最常见的波动率衡量标准来看,其波动率约为标准普尔 500 指数的三到四倍。

然而,这并不意味着将比特币添加到投资组合中会显著提高投资组合的波动性。正如像我这样的比特币支持者喜欢指出的那样:由于比特币与股票和债券的相关性都很低,因此从历史上看,将其添加到投资组合中可以提高回报,而不会显著增加风险。

研究人员证明这一点的典型方法是采用传统的 60/40 投资组合(60% 股票,40% 债券),并逐渐将一小部分资金转入比特币。下表比 较了 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日期间比特币配置比例分别为 0%、1%、2.5% 和 5% 的投资组合的风险和回报指标。我使用了 Bitwise 专家门户中提供的免费投资组合模拟工具进行的计算。

按比特币配置的投资组合绩效指标,资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日。「股票」以 SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) 为代表。「债券」以 iShares Core US Aggregate Bond ETF (AGG) 为代表。比特币以比特币现货价格为代表。不考虑税费或交易成本。过往表现无法预测或保证未来结果。本文包含的任何内容均无意预测任何投资的表现。样本投资组合的历史表现是根据事后诸葛亮的结果生成和最大化的。收益不代表实际账户的收益,也不包括与购买、出售和持有基金或加密资产相关的费用和支出。业绩信息仅供参考。

例如,请注意,将 5% 的资金配置到比特币上,你的总回报率从 107% 提高到了 207%(增加了 100 个百分点)!而你的投资组合的标准差(衡量其波动性)仅小幅上涨,从 11.3% 上升到了 12.5%。

我觉得这类研究很有说服力。它与大多数投资者配置比特币的想法一致。但最近我一直在想,有没有更好的方法。

你能获得更多回报并减少风险吗?

从事加密货币行业的人有一个秘密:他们的个人投资组合通常与我上面列出的不同。根据我的经验,加密货币爱好者的投资组合往往是杠拎型的——加密货币占比很大,现金(或货币市场基金)也占比很大,中间的配置很少。(我的投资组合大致是加密货币、股票和现金各占一半,我还没疯狂到建议别人也这么做。不过,嘿,还是公开一下吧。)

对此进行反思让我思考:当你将比特币添加到投资组合中时,通过管理投资组合中其他地方的风险来进行补偿是否有意义?

在上面的例子中,我们通过按比例减少 60/40 的股票 / 债券投资组合,从股票中取出 3%,从债券中取出 2%,为 5% 的比特币敞口腾出了空间。

如果我们都能做到以下几点:

将 5% 的资金投资于比特币,并将债券配置增加 5%,理论上可以降低股票风险;

从广义债券到短期国债的轮换敞口,理论上 可以降低债券风险?

投资组合 3 显示结果:

资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日。「股票」以 SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) 为代表。「债券」以 iShares Core US Aggregate Bond ETF (AGG) 为代表。比特币以比特币现货价格为代表。不考虑税费或交易成本。过往表现无法预测或保证未来结果。本文包含的任何内容均无意预测任何投资的表现。样本投资组合的历史表现是根据事后诸葛亮的结果生成和最大化的。收益不代表实际账户的收益,也不包括与购买、出售和持有基金或加密资产相关的费用和支出。业绩信息仅供参考。

很有意思,对吧?投资组合 3 的收益高于投资组合 1,与投资组合 2 的收益大致相同,而且风险也比两者低。

这让你不禁想问:如果进一步推动会怎样?

下表增加了第四个投资组合,将股票敞口削减至 40%,将债券投资组合提高至 50%,并增加至 10% 的比特币。

资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日。「股票」以 SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) 为代表。「广义债券」以 iShares Core US Aggregate Bond ETF (AGG) 为代表。「短期国债」以 SPDR Bloomberg 1-3 个月期国债 ETF (BIL) 为代表。比特币以比特币现货价格为代表。

与投资组合 2 相比,你可以获得更多回报,而风险则更小。

当然,没有人能保证这种情况会在未来持续下去——比特币早期的回报非常出色,未来的回报可能无法与本研究期间的回报相匹配。

但数据强调了一点:当你考虑将比特币添加到投资组合时,不要孤立地去做。要结合你的整体风险预算来考虑。你可能会对结果感到惊讶。

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