Glassnode:还有牛市吗?本轮下跌势头的底部是多少?

金色财经Published on 2025-03-13Last updated on 2025-03-13

Abstract

使用短期持有者的成本基础,我们可以看到市场势头和资本流动已转为负面,表明需求强度下降,投资者的不确定性正在影响情绪和信心。

来源:Glassnode;编译:陶朱,金色财经

摘要

1 月初,比特币进入了投资者强劲分布的阶段,累积趋势评分证实了持续的卖方压力。

波动性加剧、需求疲软和流动性限制阻碍了有意义的积累重新开始,加剧了下行风险。

恐慌引发的抛售愈演愈烈,STH-SOPR 飙升至远低于盈亏平衡水平 1,表明近期买家感到恐惧并意识到损失。

我们开发的自定义 SOPR 调整 CDD 指标显示,抛售强度反映了过去的抛售事件,尤其是 2024 年 8 月的一次,当时市场暴跌至 49,000 美元。

卖方压力依旧存在

比特币的周期性行为是积累和分配阶段的产物,随着时间的推移,资本在投资者群体之间轮换。积累趋势得分跟踪这些变化,接近 1(深紫色)的值表示大量积累,接近 0(黄色)的值表示分配。

下图显示了几个积累周期之后如何出现分配阶段,这在历史上会导致价格走势较弱。最新的分配阶段始于 2025 年 1 月,与比特币从 10.8 万美元大幅回调至 9.3 万美元相一致。

积累趋势得分目前仍低于 0.1,表明卖方压力持续存在。

累积趋势分数衡量的是链上总余额的相对变化。然而,它通常会受到较大实体行为的影响,并且不会揭示比特币的获取地点。虽然它突出了整体的积累或分配趋势,但它缺乏精确定位关键成本基础水平的粒度。

为了获得更深入的见解,我们可以转向成本基础分布 (CBD) 热图,它直观地显示了不同价格范围内供应集中度的形成位置,帮助我们确定潜在的支撑或阻力区域。

市场参与者在 12 月中旬至 2 月下旬的回调期间积极积累 BTC,尤其是在 95,000 美元至 98,000 美元的价格区间。这种逢低买入行为表明投资者仍然坚信牛市趋势,将回调解释为进一步上涨前的暂时停顿。

从 2 月底开始,随着流动性条件收紧,对积累的信心开始恶化。外部风险因素,包括 Bybit 黑客攻击和不断升级的美国关税紧张局势,加剧了市场的不确定性,比特币的价格跌破 92,000 美元。这一水平至关重要,因为它反映了市场跌破短期持有者的成本基础。

与早期阶段不同,这次没有出现明显的逢低买入反应,表明情绪已转向避险和资本保全,而不是继续积累。

CBD 热图证实,随着宏观不确定性的增加,积累需求减弱,这进一步表明投资者信心是积累行为的关键驱动因素。较低水平缺乏逢低买入表明资本轮换正在进行中,可能会导致更长的盘整或调整阶段,然后市场才能找到坚实的支撑基础。

需求势头下降

我们现在使用 CBD 热图和积累趋势得分来强调自 2 月底以来缺乏实质性积累。我们可以通过分析两个短期持有者 (STH) 子群的成本基础来更深入地研究这种行为:

1周–1月 持有者 – 过去 7 至 30 天内购买 BTC 的投资者。

1月–3月 持有者 – 1 至 3 个月前购买 BTC 的投资者。

在资本流入强劲的时期,1周-1月 群体的成本基础通常高于 1月-3月 群体的成本基础。这表明较新的投资者正在以相对溢价购买 BTC,反映出看涨情绪和积极势头。然而,在 2025 年第一季度,这一趋势开始趋于平稳,标志着短期内需求减弱的早期迹象。

随着比特币价格跌破 95,000 美元,该模型也证实了向净资本流出的转变,因为 1周-1月 成本基础跌破了 1月-3月成本基础。这种逆转表明宏观不确定性吓坏了需求,减少了新的流入,并且可以说增加了进一步抛售压力和长期调整的可能性。

这种转变表明,新买家现在不愿吸收卖方压力,强化了从创纪录后的兴奋转向更加谨慎的市场环境。

评估恐惧

随着市场进入 ATH 后分配阶段,评估短期持有者群体(尤其是最近进入的群体)的恐惧程度变得至关重要。了解这一群体的行为有助于市场观察者识别卖家极度疲惫的时刻,从历史上看,这为长期投资者提供了机会。

此分析的一个关键指标是短期持有者支出产出利润率 (STH-SOPR),该指标衡量 STH 是在盈利(SOPR > 1)还是亏损(SOPR < 1)。

自价格跌破 95,000 美元以来,STH-SOPR 的 196 小时移动平均线一直保持在 1 以下,这表明大多数短期投资者正在实现亏损。在极端时刻,随着价格暴跌至 78,000 美元,STH-SOPR 跌至 0.97,凸显了抛售的严重性。

这种持续的下行势头让新投资者感到紧张,导致普遍的恐慌性亏损抛售。这种情况通常先于本地卖家疲惫而出现,长期投资者可能会监控这种动态以寻找潜在的重返市场机会。

除了追踪亏损实现情况之外,恐慌性抛售的另一个关键指标是短期持有者销毁的代币天数 (STH-CDD),该指标通过考虑代币的数量和持有时间来衡量新投资者所花费代币的经济权重。

在市场急剧下跌期间,STH-CDD 会飙升,因为投资者即将成为长期持有者,他们会恐慌性抛售,从而摧毁大量代币天数。这表明,之前经历过不确定性的短期持有者已经抛售,可能会增加下行压力。

结合这两个概念,我们可以构建一个通过纳入盈利/亏损实现强度来调整 STH-CDD 的指标,使用以下公式:

(SOPR_STH - 1) * CDD_STH

该指标通过对已实现盈亏的强度和方向进行加权来完善 STH-CDD,从而提供更精确的恐慌性抛售信号。

如下图所示,最近顶级买家的抛售反映了严重的亏损实现和适度的抛售事件。2024 年 8 月也出现了类似的模式,当时比特币在市场压力和宏观不确定性中暴跌至 49,000 美元。当前的结构表明存在类似的抛售阶段。

熊市指南针

由于卖方压力主要来自最近以相对高价购入代币的投资者,因此判断当前熊市可能达到的深度变得十分明智。为了评估这一点,我们将使用基于短期持有者成本基础的各种统计区间作为心理公允价值极值的读数。

下图显示了从这些成本基础模型得出的价格偏差的统计高低范围。

目前,该模型的下限(短期持有者深陷困境)位于 7.13 万美元至 9.19 万美元之间。值得注意的是,该范围与之前讨论的 70,000 美元至 88,000 美元之间的流动性缺口相一致,这表明至少在短期内,在该区域形成临时底部的可能性很大。

总结

比特币的市场结构已进入 ATH 后的分配阶段,总需求疲软,近期顶级买家持续抛售压力。自 1 月初以来,累积趋势得分一直保持在 0.1 附近,而 CBD 热图显示投资者的逢低买入反应正在减弱。

使用短期持有者的成本基础,我们可以看到市场势头和资本流动已转为负面,表明需求强度下降,投资者的不确定性正在影响情绪和信心。

短期持有者因恐惧而抛售,这一点从 STH-SOPR 持续低于 1 和 STH-CDD 飙升中可以看出。这一局部抛售事件也与市场交易向较低的统计区间一致,近期投资者可能正在经历高度的财务压力。

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