山寨币季节是否已死?比特币 ETF 如何影响山寨币?

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2025-03-13Last updated on 2025-03-13

Abstract

轻松、周期性的山寨币上涨的日子可能会被一个由资本效率、结构化金融产品和监管透明度决定资金流向的生态系统所取代。

撰文:Bryan Daugherty

编译:Block unicorn

比特币交易所交易产品(ETFs)可能从根本上改变了加密市场中「山寨币季节」的概念。

多年来,加密市场遵循着一种熟悉的节奏,资金轮动近乎是可预测的。比特币飙升,吸引主流关注和流动性,随后资金涌入山寨币。投机资本涌入低市值资产,推高其价值,交易者兴奋地称之为「山寨币季节」。

然而,这一曾经被视为理所当然的周期正显示出结构性崩溃的迹象。

现货比特币交易所交易基金(ETFs)在 2024 年打破了纪录,吸引了 1290 亿美元的资金流入。这为散户和机构投资者提供了前所未有的比特币投资渠道,但也形成了一个真空,吸走了投机资产的资金。机构投资者现在有一种安全、受监管的方式来接触加密货币,而无需承担山寨币市场的「狂野西部」风险。许多散户投资者也发现,ETF 比寻找下一个百倍代币更具吸引力。知名比特币分析师 PlanB 甚至将其持有的实际比特币换成了现货 ETF。

这一转变正在实时发生,如果资金继续锁定在结构化产品中,山寨币将面临市场流动性和相关性的减少。

山寨币季节是否已死?结构化加密投资的崛起

比特币 ETF 为追逐高风险、低市值资产提供了另一种选择,投资者可以通过结构化产品获得杠杆、流动性和监管透明度。曾经是山寨币投机主要驱动力的散户投资者,现在可以直接投资比特币和以太坊 ETF,这些工具消除了自我托管的担忧,降低了对手方风险,并与传统投资框架保持一致。

机构更有动力规避山寨币风险。对冲基金和专业交易平台曾经在低流动性的山寨币中追逐更高的回报,现在可以通过衍生品部署杠杆,或通过 ETF 在传统金融轨道上获得敞口。

随着通过期权和期货进行对冲的能力增强,投机于流动性差、交易量低的山寨币的动机显著减弱。这一趋势在 2 月份创纪录的 24 亿美元资金流出和 ETF 赎回带来的套利机会中进一步得到加强,迫使加密市场进入一种前所未有的纪律性。

传统的「周期」从比特币开始,然后进入山寨币季节。来源:Cointelegraph Research

风险投资会放弃加密初创公司吗?

风险投资(VC)公司历来是山寨币季节的生命线,为新兴项目注入流动性,并为新兴代币编织宏大的叙事。

然而,随着杠杆变得容易获得,资本效率成为关键优先事项,VC 正在重新思考他们的策略。

VC 努力实现尽可能高的投资回报率(ROI),但典型范围在 17% 到 25% 之间。在传统金融中,资本的无风险利率是所有投资的基准,通常以美国国债收益率为代表。

在加密领域,比特币的历史增长率起到了类似的预期回报基准作用。这实际上成为该行业的无风险利率。在过去十年中,比特币的复合年增长率(CAGR)平均为 77%,显著超过黄金(8%)和标普 500 指数(11%)等传统资产。即使在过去的五年中,包括牛市和熊市条件,比特币的 CAGR 仍保持在 67%。

以此为基准,风险投资家以这一增长率在比特币或比特币相关企业中部署资本,五年内的总 ROI 将约为 1,199%,意味着投资将增加近 12 倍。

尽管比特币仍然波动,但其长期优异表现使其成为评估加密领域风险调整回报的基本基准。随着套利机会的增加和风险的降低,VC 可能会选择更安全的赌注。

2024 年,VC 交易数量下降了 46%,尽管第四季度整体投资量有所回升。这标志着向更有选择性、高价值项目的转变,而不是投机性资金。

Web3 和 AI 驱动的加密初创公司仍然吸引着注意力,但为每个有白皮书的代币提供无差别资金的日子可能已经屈指可数。如果风险投资进一步转向通过 ETF 进行结构化投资,而不是直接投资于高风险初创公司,新的山寨币项目可能会面临严重后果。

与此同时,少数进入机构关注范围的山寨币项目(例如最近提交了 ETF 申请的 Aptos)是例外,而不是常态。即使是旨在获取更广泛敞口的加密指数 ETF,也难以吸引有意义的资金流入,这突显出资本是集中的,而不是分散的。

供应过剩问题和新市场现实

市场格局已经发生了变化。争夺注意力的山寨币数量之多造成了饱和问题。根据 Dune Analytics 的数据,目前市场上有超过 4000 万种代币。2024 年平均每月推出 120 万种新代币,自 2025 年初以来已创建超过 500 万种代币。

随着机构倾向于结构化投资,以及缺乏散户驱动的投机需求,流动性不再像以前那样流入山寨币。

这揭示了一个严峻的事实:大多数山寨币将无法生存。CryptoQuant 的首席执行官 Ki Young Ju 最近警告说,如果没有市场结构的根本转变,这些资产中的大多数不太可能存活下来。「一切都在上涨的时代已经结束,」Ju 在最近的一篇 X 帖子中说。

在资金锁定在 ETF 和永续合约中而不是自由流入投机资产的时代,等待比特币主导地位减弱再转向山寨币的传统策略可能不再适用。

加密市场已今非昔比。轻松、周期性的山寨币上涨的日子可能会被一个由资本效率、结构化金融产品和监管透明度决定资金流向的生态系统所取代。ETF 正在改变人们投资比特币的方式,并从根本上改变整个市场的流动性分布。

对于那些建立在每次比特币上涨之后都会出现山寨币繁荣的假设基础上的人来说,现在可能是时候重新考虑了。随着市场的成熟,规则可能已经发生了变化。

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