风险投资撤退?山寨币融资模式或面临终结

marsbitPublished on 2025-03-10Last updated on 2025-03-11

随着ETF、永续合约和结构化产品将资金锁定在比特币和高市值资产中,山寨币季可能已经结束。

比特币交易所交易产品或已从根本上改变了加密市场的“山寨币季”概念。

多年来,加密市场遵循着一种熟悉的节奏,一种几乎可预测的资金轮动模式。比特币首先大涨,吸引主流关注并带来流动性,随后山寨币市场的大门被打开。投机资金涌入市值较低的资产,推高它们的价格,交易员们将这一现象兴奋地称为“山寨币季”。

然而,这一曾被视为理所当然的周期,如今正显现出结构性崩溃的迹象。

2024年,现货比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)打破纪录,吸引了1290亿美元的资金流入。这不仅为散户和机构投资者提供了前所未有的比特币投资渠道,同时也形成了一个资金黑洞,将资本从投机性资产中抽离。机构投资者如今可以通过安全、受监管的方式接触加密市场,而无需承担山寨币市场的“狂野西部”式风险。许多散户投资者也开始认为,ETF比盲目追逐下一个百倍币更加稳妥。甚至知名比特币分析师 Plan B 也将其持有的比特币换成了现货ETF。

这一转变正在实时发生。如果资金继续锁定在结构化产品中,山寨币市场的流动性和市场份额或将持续萎缩,影响其长期生存和发展。

ETF

山寨币季已死?加密市场结构化投资的崛起

比特币ETF为投资者提供了一种替代方案,使他们无需追逐高风险、低市值资产,而是可以通过结构化产品获得杠杆、流动性和监管的透明度。曾经主导山寨币投机的散户投资者,如今可以直接投资比特币和以太坊ETF,这些产品不仅消除了自托管的顾虑,还降低了对手方风险,并与传统投资框架更加契合。

机构投资者则有更强的动力规避山寨币的风险。曾经热衷于在低流动性山寨币市场追逐高回报的对冲基金和专业交易机构,如今可以通过衍生品加杠杆,或通过ETF在传统金融体系内获得加密货币敞口。

此外,由于机构投资者可以利用期权和期货进行对冲,投机流动性差、交易量低的山寨币的动机大大降低。这一趋势在2024年2月创纪录的24亿美元资金流出和ETF赎回套利机会的推动下进一步强化,迫使加密市场形成了一种此前从未有过的纪律性。

ETF

风投会放弃加密初创企业吗?

风险投资(VC)一直是山寨币季的生命线,它们向新兴项目注入流动性,并围绕新代币构建宏大叙事。

然而,在杠杆变得更加容易获取、资本效率成为关键考量的背景下,VC们正在重新审视自己的投资策略。

风投的核心目标是获取尽可能高的投资回报率(ROI),但通常的回报区间在 17% 至 25% 之间。在传统金融领域,无风险收益率(通常以美国国债收益率衡量)是衡量所有投资的基准。

在加密市场,比特币的历史增长率则成为类似的基准,即行业版本的“无风险收益率”。过去 10 年,比特币的年均复合增长率(CAGR)达到 77%,远超传统资产,如黄金(8%)和标普 500 指数(11%)。即便在过去 5 年经历牛熊转换,比特币仍保持了 67% 的年均复合增长率。

以此为基准,如果一名风投将资金投向比特币或相关业务,并按该增长率运作,其 5 年总投资回报率将达到约 1,199%,意味着投资将增长近 12 倍。这无疑让许多 VC 开始权衡,与其投资高风险的加密初创企业,是否直接持有比特币或投资比特币相关业务更具吸引力。

尽管比特币仍然具有波动性,但其长期优异的表现已使其成为加密市场衡量风险调整后回报的核心基准。由于套利机会增多、风险降低,风险投资(VC)机构可能更倾向于采取更安全的策略。

2024年,VC 交易数量下降了 46%,尽管整体投资规模在第四季度有所回升。这表明资金正从盲目投机转向更加精选的高价值项目。

Web3 和 AI 驱动的加密初创企业仍然吸引关注,但“只要写个白皮书就能融资”的时代可能正在终结。如果风投进一步倾向于通过 ETF 等结构化产品获取市场敞口,而不是直接投资高风险的初创企业,新兴山寨币项目可能会面临严重影响。

与此同时,少数进入机构投资者视野的山寨币项目——例如最近申请 ETF 的 Aptos——只是个例,而非普遍现象。即便是旨在提供更广泛市场敞口的加密指数 ETF,也难以吸引大量资金流入,这凸显了当前市场资金的高度集中化,而非广泛分散。

ETF

供过于求的问题与新的市场现实

市场格局已经发生变化。数量庞大的山寨币争夺投资者关注,导致市场出现严重的饱和问题。根据 Dune Analytics 数据,目前市场上已有超过 4000 万种代币。2024 年平均每月新增 120 万种代币,而自 2025 年初以来,已有超过 500 万种新代币被创建。

在机构投资者转向结构化投资、散户投机需求下降的情况下,资金不再像过去那样流向山寨币市场。

这揭示了一个残酷的现实:大多数山寨币注定难以存活。CryptoQuant 首席执行官 Ki Young Ju 近日警告称,如果市场结构不发生根本性变化,大多数加密资产都难以维持生存。他在 X(推特)上直言:“所有资产都会暴涨的时代已经结束。

过去,投资者习惯于等待比特币市值占比下降,然后将资金轮动至山寨币。但如今,在 ETF 和永续合约(perps)将资金锁定的市场环境下,这一传统策略可能已经失效。

加密市场已不同往昔。曾经那种轻松、周期性上涨的山寨币牛市,可能会被资本效率、结构化金融产品和监管透明度决定资金流向的新生态所取代。ETF 不仅改变了人们投资比特币的方式,也在从根本上影响整个市场的流动性分布。

对于那些基于“比特币上涨后,山寨币必然接棒”策略的人来说,现在或许是时候重新思考了。市场已成熟,规则也可能已经彻底改变。

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