建立比特币战略储备和美国数字资产库存——特朗普行政令全文

marsbitPublished on 2025-03-06Last updated on 2025-03-07

美国根据美利坚合众国宪法和法律赋予我作为总统的权力,特此命令如下:

第1节. 背景

比特币是最早的加密货币。比特币协议将比特币(BTC)的总供应量永久限制在2100万枚,且从未被黑客攻击过。由于其稀缺性和安全性,比特币常被称为“数字黄金”。由于BTC的供应量是固定的,成为首批建立战略比特币储备的国家之一具有战略优势。美国政府目前持有大量BTC,但尚未制定政策以最大化BTC作为全球金融体系中独特价值储存手段的战略地位。正如我们有责任审慎管理国家对任何其他资源的所有权和控制权一样,我们的国家必须利用而非限制数字资产的力量,以促进我们的繁荣。

第2节. 政策

美国的政策是建立战略比特币储备。进一步的政策是建立美国数字资产储备,作为安全账户,用于有序和战略性地管理美国持有的其他数字资产。


第3节. 战略比特币储备和美国数字资产储备的创建与管理

(a) 财政部长应设立一个办公室,负责管理和维护统称为“战略比特币储备”的托管账户,资金来源为财政部持有的所有BTC,这些BTC是作为刑事或民事资产没收程序的一部分最终没收的,或用于满足任何行政部门或机构(机构)施加的民事罚款,且不需要用于满足《美国法典》第31卷第9705条的要求或根据本节(d)款释放的BTC(政府BTC)。在本命令发布之日起30天内,各机构应审查其权限,将其持有的任何政府BTC转移至战略比特币储备,并向财政部长提交反映审查结果的报告。存入战略比特币储备的政府BTC不得出售,应作为美国的储备资产,根据适用法律用于实现政府目标。

(b) 财政部长应设立一个办公室,负责管理和维护统称为“美国数字资产储备”的托管账户,资金来源为财政部持有的所有数字资产(除BTC外),这些资产是作为刑事或民事资产没收程序的一部分最终没收的,且不需要用于满足《美国法典》第31卷第9705条的要求或根据本节(d)款释放的资产(储备资产)。在本命令发布之日起30天内,各机构应审查其权限,将其持有的任何储备资产转移至美国数字资产储备,并向财政部长提交反映审查结果的报告。财政部长应根据适用法律确定负责任地管理美国数字资产储备的策略。

(c) 财政部长和商务部长应制定获取额外政府BTC的策略,前提是这些策略预算中立且不会给美国纳税人带来额外成本。然而,美国政府不得在没有进一步行政或立法行动的情况下,获取与刑事或民事资产没收程序无关或用于满足任何机构施加的民事罚款之外的额外储备资产。

(d) “政府数字资产”指所有政府BTC和所有储备资产。各机构负责人不得出售或以其他方式处置任何政府数字资产,除非根据财政部长根据本节(b)款行使其法定权限和负责任地管理美国数字资产储备,或根据有管辖权的法院的命令,依法要求,或在司法部长或其他相关机构负责人确定政府数字资产(或其出售或处置所得)可以且应当:

(i) 返还给可识别和可验证的犯罪受害者;

(ii) 用于执法行动;

(iii) 与州和地方执法伙伴公平分享;或

(iv) 释放以满足《美国法典》第31卷第9705条、第28卷第524(c)条、第18卷第981条或第21卷第881条的要求。

(e) 在本命令发布之日起60天内,财政部长应提交一份关于建立和管理战略比特币储备和美国数字资产储备的法律和投资考虑因素的评估报告,包括战略比特币储备和美国数字资产储备应存放的账户,以及是否需要任何立法以实施本命令的任何方面或这些账户的适当管理和运营。


第4节. 会计

在本命令发布之日起30天内,各机构负责人应向财政部长和总统数字资产市场工作组提供该机构持有的所有政府数字资产的完整会计报告,包括有关当前存放这些政府数字资产的托管账户的任何信息,以便于将政府数字资产转移至战略比特币储备或美国数字资产储备。如果该机构不持有任何政府数字资产,该机构应在命令发布之日起30天内向财政部长和总统数字资产市场工作组确认这一事实。


第5节. 一般规定

(a) 本命令中的任何内容不得解释为损害或以其他方式影响:

(i) 法律授予行政部门或机构或其负责人的权力;或

(ii) 管理与预算办公室主任与预算、行政或立法提案相关的职能。

(b) 本命令应根据适用法律实施,并视拨款情况而定。

(c) 本命令无意且不会创设任何法律或衡平法上可执行的实质性或程序性权利或利益,任何一方不得针对美国、其部门、机构或实体、其官员、雇员或代理人或任何其他人强制执行。


白宫

2025年3月6日

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