加密货币战略储备:一场特朗普政府支持的「骗局」?

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2025-03-07Last updated on 2025-03-07

Abstract

这一举动显然是为了安抚市场情绪,但加密货币价格的波动依然反映了市场对政策不确定性的担忧。

来源:The Atlantic

编译及整理:比推 BitpushNews Ivy

在特朗普赢得大选到正式就职的这段时间里,加密货币价格因市场猜测而大幅上涨。人们预测特朗普会任命对加密货币友好的监管者,并建立「战略比特币储备」。特朗普在监管方面确实有所行动:美国证券交易委员会(SEC)任命了一位支持加密货币的新委员,并暂停或撤销了对一些加密货币交易所的诉讼。此外,特朗普在上任第一周就发布了一项行政命令,要求评估「建立和维护国家数字资产储备的可能性」。

然而,特朗普就职后,加密货币价格却大幅下跌,尤其是最近几周跌势加剧。这引发了加密货币行业主要支持者的强烈不满。因此,似乎是为了阻止价格进一步下跌,特朗普在社交媒体上承诺,将很快建立「加密货币战略储备」,并表示政府不仅会储备比特币和以太坊(两种最大的加密资产),还会纳入 ripple、Solana 和 Cardano 等更具投机性的资产。

这一举动显然是为了安抚市场情绪,但加密货币价格的波动依然反映了市场对政策不确定性的担忧。

特朗普的声明起初成功提振了市场情绪:比特币和以太坊的价格在消息公布后一度飙升超过 10%,加密货币市场总市值更是激增 3000 亿美元。然而,市场的兴奋并未持续太久,昨日大部分涨幅回落,部分原因是市场对特朗普承诺的具体内容及其可行性感到不确定。

事实上,美国政府已经掌握了约 170 亿美元的比特币和 1.1 亿美元的以太坊,其中大部分是从犯罪分子手中没收的。

一种可能的做法是,政府只需继续持有这些资产,而不进行抛售。但加密货币支持者所期望的,也是特朗普似乎在承诺的,是政府通过购买价值数十亿美元的加密资产来填充这一新的战略储备。

换句话说,他们希望的是政府为加密货币持有者提供一种变相补贴——从非加密货币持有者的角度来看,这更像是政府对高风险投机资产的荒唐兜底。

建立加密货币储备实际上意味着将大量财富从纳税人转移到加密货币持有者手中(HODLers 是加密货币社区的一个昵称,源自「hold」的拼写错误,意为「坚定持有」)。在当前环境下,这种做法极具争议,甚至显得荒谬。尤其是当下,特朗普政府正在以「提高行政效率」为由,大幅削减其他政府项目和预算支出,拿纳税人的钱去购入加密资产,显然难以让所有人信服。

「战略加密货币储备」(或更常见的「战略比特币储备」)这一说法,明显是在借鉴「战略石油储备」的概念。后者由美国能源部管理,储备规模达到数亿桶石油。政府建立石油储备的理由毋庸置疑——石油是美国经济的命脉。如果出现类似 1973 年石油禁运这样的危机,或全球石油供应链遭受重大冲击,战略储备可以在关键时刻发挥稳定作用。(尽管近年来美国本土石油和天然气产量提升,使得美国对外部供应冲击的敏感度有所下降。)

相比之下,政府持有加密资产并没有任何战略意义。这类资产对政府和整个经济体系都没有实际作用,即使完全抛弃加密货币,美国经济依然可以正常运转。加密货币的支持者常拿美国持有外汇储备和黄金作为论据。然而,实际上,美国的外汇储备规模相当有限,而且这些外币的主要作用是为了在必要时兑换美元——比如,在极端情况下,如果美元大幅贬值,政府可以通过购入美元来稳定其币值。但即便如此,美国历史上从未动用过外汇储备来应对美元贬值,更不用说比特币或其他加密资产,它们根本无法在国家金融战略中发挥类似作用。

至于美国持有的黄金储备,实际上已经失去了意义:诺克斯堡的黄金储备是过去时代的遗留产物,当时美国承诺可随时用美元兑换黄金。而如今,美国持有黄金只是因为「惯性」——政府既不想因抛售黄金导致市场崩盘,也不想因清算储备而引发政治上的反弹,毕竟仍然有人抱有「金本位」幻想。但无论如何,这都不能成为政府建立数字资产储备的理由。

加密货币的支持者甚至声称,美国大量持有比特币和其他加密资产将有助于增强美元的地位。然而,美元是一种法定货币,其价值并不依赖于政府持有的任何资产。更重要的是,比特币的诞生是为了替代美元,而不是支持美元。如果美国政府斥资数十亿美元去购买这些原本就是美元「替代品」的资产,不仅对美元的稳定性毫无帮助,反而可能引发市场对美元信心的动摇。毕竟,如果美国政府主动购买大量投机性加密资产,那无异于向全球释放一个危险信号——「我们对美元的未来信心不足」。

当加密货币支持者鼓吹「政府囤积加密资产能增强美元价值」时,他们的真实意图是让加密货币价格持续上涨,从而拉高整体市场价值,让美国「看起来更富裕」。但即使币价上涨,对比美国庞大的财政预算,这点收益几乎可以忽略不计。而且,让政府押注这种剧烈波动的资产,无疑是在用纳税人的钱「豪赌」。 接下来是不是还要成立一个联邦体育博彩部?

到目前为止,特朗普对如何获取加密储备资产的态度含糊其辞。一些方案建议政府出售部分黄金储备来购买加密资产。但无论采取何种方式,政府要建立加密储备,都意味着财政资金会被引向这一领域,而这些钱本可以用于削减赤字或投入民生项目。

最后,加密储备还可能成为腐败的温床,引发企业监管和政府政策方面的巨大利益冲突。一旦某些加密货币被纳入政府储备,它们的价格势必飙升,尤其是那些尚未成熟的加密币种。这将为加密货币从业者提供巨大的经济激励,想方设法取悦特朗普,而特朗普本人就持有 TRUMP meme 币。如果让政府大举入场,无异于将这些潜在的利益冲突「合法化、制度化」。

但这一切,对特朗普来说并不意外——家族式统治和自利行为,早已是他的「常规操作」。虽然特朗普本人或许毫无声誉损失,但作为全球金融体系的核心,美国政府却无法承受这样的风险。毕竟,美国不仅是全球最大债务国,还是最后的信用背书方,一旦政府主动进入加密市场,不仅会损害自身信誉,还会让外界质疑美元的稳定性。而加密货币支持者之所以推动政府建立加密储备,说白了,就是希望让政府出手,拉盘加密市场,让币价继续飙升。

最终,这个所谓的「加密货币战略储备」将沦为一场彻头彻尾的骗局——而被割的,正是美国政府自己。

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614 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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