微策略靠杠杆加仓“比特币”推动股价一年飙涨400%

金十数据Published on 2024-12-24Last updated on 2024-12-24

Abstract

自2020年以来,公司已经购买了45次比特币,账面数量达到444262枚,占比特币总量2100万枚中的2%以上。

MicroStrategy在今年的涨势之前并不为大多数投资者所知,但随着它被纳入纳斯达克100指数,公司正成为聚光灯下的焦点。分析师们乐观地表示,鉴于比特币的积极前景,以及该公司利用杠杆建立比特币头寸的策略,股价的反弹还有更大的空间。不过,也有投资者表示,大幅上涨不可持续,部分原因也在于杠杆策略。


年内涨幅远超比特币


随着MicroStrategy在加密货币中的投资不断增加,该公司股价总体上反映了比特币的走向。然而,由于采用杠杆策略,公司股价涨幅远远超过比特币(比特币年初以来的涨幅约为125%)。


MicroStrategy在2020年购买了第一批比特币,当时的交易价格接近11000美元/枚。有趣的是,就在七年前,时任公司首席执行官的迈克尔·赛勒(MichaelSaylor)还说过比特币“时日无多”。在最近接受CNBC采访时,现任董事长的赛勒称MicroStrategy是一家比特币财务运营公司。自2020年以来,公司已经购买了45次比特币,账面数量达到444262枚,占比特币总量2100万枚中的2%以上,这也使公司成为仅次于贝莱德旗下iShares比特币信托(IBIT)的第二大比特币持有者。


MicroStrategy使用一种称为比特币收益率(bitcoin yield)的指标来衡量其投资的成功与否,比特币收益率可宽泛地理解为公司每股流通股中比特币所有权的变化情况。去年年底,公司持有189150枚比特币,假定稀释后的流通股为207636股,比值为0.91。截至12月23日,公司比特币持有量飙升至444262枚,流通股为280828股,比值为1.576。因此,这两个比率之间的同比百分比变化,即比特币收益率,达到了73.1%。


比特币杠杆游戏

MicroStrategy以少量比特币储备作为担保,发行股票或零息债务,以便通过简单的套利购买大量比特币。公司在10月份宣布,计划在三年内利用这些方法筹集420亿美元的资金,并且正在朝着这个目标加速前进。


公司越来越多地依靠发行股票来购买比特币,但当它选择可转换债券时,债券购买者可以获得在一定价格将其转换为公司股票的期权,这几乎就等于是看涨期权。


赛勒告诉CNBC:“我们发债时,会发行比如30亿美元的零息债务,由6亿美元的比特币作为担保,五年到期。然后我们买入30亿美元的比特币,获得24亿美元的套利收益。但在接下来的五年中,我们的投资会翻一番或两番,因为我们购买的资产比标普500指数升值更快。”


伯恩斯坦分析师认为,“MicroStrategy做的是比特币杠杆游戏”。分析师称,较长的债务期限为公司提供了一些缓冲,以防立即偿还或比特币价格波动。此外,即使MicroStrategy不得不发行股票来偿还可转债,这些股票对公司股本的稀释作用也是有限的。”


并非所有人都看好


但并非所有人都相信MicroStrategy的业绩具有可持续性。以做空机构香橼研究(CitronResearch)为例,该机构仍然看好比特币,但却建立了MicroStrategy的空头头寸作为对冲,本质上就是押注股价将下跌。


香橼在11月的一篇帖子中说:“我们非常尊重赛勒,但即使是他也必须知道,MicroStrategy已经过热了。”香橼还补充说,MicroStrategy的交易量“完全脱离了”比特币的基本面。


GalaxyDigital首席执行官迈克·诺沃格拉茨(MikeNovogratz)告诉CNBC,由于杠杆效应,他预计MicroStrategy等比特币相关股票的回调幅度将超过加密货币本身。

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