我们距离比特币现货 ETF,到底还有多远?

web3caffPublished on 2023-10-18Last updated on 2023-10-19

Abstract

谜底最迟在明年 1 月初揭晓。

谜底最迟在明年 1 月初揭晓。
作者:秦晓峰
原创:Odaily 星球日报
封面:Photo by Shubham’s Web3 on Unsplash
周一晚,「SEC 批准比特币现货 ETF」的假新闻,让加密市场经历了一个虚幻且短暂的「牛市」。细究之下,这场骗局成功的关键因素是——在 ETF 决议的关键时间节点,利用信息偏差操纵市场。
实际上,根据最初的时间表, 10 月 16 日、 17 日是 SEC 对包括贝莱德、 Bitwise   以及 Invesco(景顺)等在内的 6 家公司旗下比特币现货 ETF 作出决议的截止日期。但在 9 月 27 日、 29 日,SEC 就曾发布文件,向后推迟了上述 ETF 决议时间。只不过由于市场消息传播的滞后性,加密市场投资者对 ETF 相关动向了解并不全面,这才被误导。
回到最初的问题,我们距离比特币现货 ETF 的问世,到底还有多远?对这个问题的回答,需要从两个维度:一是时间流程上,二是监管态度上。
(1)ETF  审批流程漫长,ARK & 21  Shares   成为风向标
从 ETF 流程来看,最长时间为 240 天,SEC 必须作出终极批示,究竟是同意还是拒绝。我们以目前进度最快的 ARK 21 Shares  Bitcoin  ETF 为例,复盘其申请过程,帮助各位读者理解。在整个申请中,出现了多个时间点,具体如下:

  • 2023 年 4 月 25 日,Cboe BZX Exchange 就上线和交易 ARK 21 Shares Bitcoin ETF 的股票向美国 SEC 进行备案(这是最初的备案时间,也是新一轮立项的开始),并提交了相应的规则变更。
  • 2023 年 5 月 15 日,进行规则变更后的 ARK 21 Shares Bitcoin ETF 在美国《联邦公报》上正式公布申请并征求意见,这标志着 ETF 审批程序正式启动,SEC 必须自当日起最长 240 天(180+ 60)作出决议。
  • 第一个审查期为 45 天,即 SEC 必须在 2023 年 6 月 29 日之前作出批示:同意、否定还是延期;最终,SEC 于 6 月 15 日批示,需要延期。而 ARK 21 Shares Bitcoin ETF 也在此后陆续了提交了拟议规则变更的三个修正案,以回应 SEC 的质疑。
  • 第二个审查期为 45 天,即 SEC 必须在 2023 年 8 月 13 日之前作出批示;最终,SEC 于 8 月 11 日决定继续延期。
  • 第三个审查期为 90 天,即 SEC 必须在 2023 年 11 月 11 日之前作出批示。9 月 27 日,SEC 发布公告再次延期 60 天(在 11 月 11 日的基础上),该 ETF 作出决议的截止日期推迟至 2024 年 1 月 10 日。 “委员会认为指定更长的期限来作出决定是适当的,以便有足够的时间考虑拟议的规则变更”。

其他几家大型资管公司的比特币现货 ETF,公告时间基本是 7 月 18 日或者 19 日,远远晚于 ARK & 21 Shares 的产品,并且也被 SEC 在 9 月 27 日以及 29 日的公告中进行延期(原定决议时间为 10 月 16 日~ 17 日)。Odaily 星球日报统计了各家 ETF 的决议时间节点情况,具体如下所示:

从上图可以看出,目前时间节点距离最近的 Global X Bitcoin Trust,为 2023 年 11 月 21 日,但预估大概率也会被延迟。毕竟其申请时间最晚,目前只进入到第二轮审查期,其他各家都已经进入第三轮,不太可能获得优先批准。更重要的时间节点是明年 1 月中旬左右,届时会有 8 个 ETF 等待决议。
需要着重说明的一点是,ARK 21 Shares Bitcoin ETF 的审批结果会成为一个风向标。
2024 年 1 月 10 日,是 ARK 21 Shares Bitcoin ETF 审批的最终时间节点。如果被拒,则  ARK 21 Shares 又要重走一遍流程,开启 240 天的漫长审查期,就像他们在 2022 年所经历的那样;更深的影响是,其他几家也无法幸免,基本可以提前宣告这一轮现货 ETF 申请基本阵亡——虽然后面几家 ETF 的最终决议时间是明年 3 月中旬。
当然,如果 ARK 21 Shares 成功被批准,则其他几家大概率也会被同时批准,SEC 不会允许某一家机构获得重要的先发优势。因此,投资者需要密切关注 2023 年年末至 2024 年年初 ARK 21 Shares 的动向。
(2)监管态度更加积极,好的征兆
流程上的等待其实是显性特征,背后更关键的因素是监管机构 SEC 的态度。如今,SEC 对待比特币现货 ETF 的态度不再消极。
一是对待各家 ETF 的申请上,不再像过去那样简单粗暴地直接推迟或者拒绝,而是会积极沟通对话,会给发行商发送了电子邮件提出疑问,要求他们进行解释或者条款规则更新。就拿 ARK 最新的更新来看,里面涉及到很多新的内容,比如关于资产净值计算的讨论、加密资产的托管问题等等。其他 SEC 关心的议题还包括,交易所欺诈问题、对比特币市场流动性和透明度的担忧等等。
这些问题很繁琐,但很重要,SEC 可能会就这些问题与发行商进行反复讨论——虽在一定程度上耽误审批进展,但无可避免。我们在短期内无法见到现货 ETF 的问世,但这种态度是非常积极的。
二是 SEC 对灰度不进行上诉。SEC 在与灰度的对决中,各有胜负,并且今年 8 月的法院判决也没有完全站在灰度一边判定 SEC 败诉;对于一贯强硬的 SEC 来说,这样的结果显然并不能接受,上诉似乎也是题中应有之义。但是,直到 10 月 14 日上诉截止日期,SEC 也没有采取任何行动。这种态度上的转变,也为接下来灰度 GBTC 转变为现货 ETF 的申请铺平了道路,同时也为更多比特币现货 ETF 的出现打开了大门。
促成上面转变的一个可能原因是,贝莱德、富达和景顺等一众传统资管巨头入场在政府监管方面发挥独特的作用,同时也让 SEC 减轻了对未来市场的担忧。
结束语
对于比特币现货 ETF 的落地,市场的预期也偏向乐观。
现货价格可能无法反映直接投资者对现货 ETF 的热情,但 GBTC 可以——其折价目前为 14.78% ,达到 2021 年 12 月末以来最低水平,并且持续收窄,这也意味着传统市场投资者对现货 ETF 预期的认可态度。
Ark  Invest 首席执行官 Cathie Wood(木头姐)表示,自己认为美国 SEC 批准比特币现货 ETF 的概率可能在上升。她预测,多个比特币 ETF 可能会在 2023 年底或 2024 年初获得批准,并预测 Ark Invest 有望首批获批,并且 “多个(公司的)比特币 ETF 可能会同时获得批准”。
免责声明:作为区块链信息平台,本站所发布文章仅代表作者及嘉宾个人观点,与 Web3Caff 立场无关。本文内容仅用于信息分享,均不构成任何投资建议及要约,并请您遵守所在国家或地区的相关法律法规。

Related Reads

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片