走近SBF:5分钟带你看完BBC纪录片《加密之王的垮台》

MarsBitPublished on 2023-09-26Last updated on 2023-09-27

Abstract

错综的事实背后还掺搅着复杂的人性。

FTX ,曾经的加密巨轮,在去年 11 月撞向冰山。这场撞击引发海啸,不仅湮没了同一片海域的船只,还拖垮一众连带企业,进而殃及整片加密大陆。
时至今日,FTX 案件余波未平——其散落的碎木板,仍像根刺一样,扎进每位加密人士的肤下——强化着监管对加密金融风险的印象,劝诫着投资者们别对中心化运营风险心存侥幸,向对痛感保留记忆的行业人士时刻告警着“下一个 FTX 的败局”。
作为金融史上最大的欺诈案之一,FTX 的案情进展可谓拖拖拉拉(只缘身在剧中,追得头秃)。Odaily星球日报先简要回顾下近 10 日的最新动态,并预告下未来 10 日的重要节点

就在今日凌晨,BBC 上线 FTX 创始人 SBF 纪录片“Panorama · Downfall of the Crypto King”(全景·加密之王的垮台)。Odaily星球日报编辑部已抢鲜刷完,按头剧透,借这部 90 分钟的纪录片,带大家温故知新,挖掘其间不为人知的细节,侧写众人立场变化。

SBF


春风得意马蹄疾
每晚睡 5 小时,和 10 个室友同居在 The Bahamas(巴哈马), 29 岁时身价 220 亿美元,却想全部捐献给慈善事业,开一辆 Toyota Corolla,因为“我不太需要莱博基尼”……这是 NAS Daily  镜头下成名未久的 SBF。

SBF


从何时起,SBF 开始被人们关注到?
2019 年,他成立了加密交易所 FTX,并很快用高调的市场策略,向全世界宣扬他的理念与理想。
在众多社媒网红的推荐下,FTX 被看做是最好用的加密“证券交易所”,“和银行一样安全”。很多站台 FTX 的 KOL、Youtuber 教人如何“啥也不用做,就成为百万富翁”。
没多久,FTX 又跨界合作了一批顶级文体明星,漫天投放的广告开始进入主流视野。

SBF


“你要是不相信加密,就会错过。”充斥年轻人常混迹的网络空间(是熟悉的 FOMO 配方)。
在线下,巴哈马举办了很多派对,邀请的都是大牌 DJ,年轻的 FTX 用户说道,“这很酷,反正他们是家可以改变世界的公司,有钱烧。”
在这样的乐观情绪和传媒引导下,FTX 迅速吸引了 100+国家的用户。很多新用户的“安全”入场姿势是:注册-买点 FTT(FTX 的平台币)-在高点卖出-换回成自己国家的法币,在牛市中以此加固财富梦想。
在最群情亢奋的时期,曾有吹哨人试图警示风险——“加密行业充斥着洗钱和欺诈”,纪录片中这位爱好骑马的“M 哥”便一直向人发出警告:“Crypto 是个荒蛮世界,遍地毒蛇,持续吸引着牛仔前来……我的使命就是找出那些恶人。”

SBF

但这样的声音,被淹没在更强的声浪中。
FTX 用户“S 哥”,自称每次在投资前都会做很多调查。正常要投资或参与一家公司时,人们会问很多问题:你是谁,你的优势是什么,还有谁会支持过你。但偏偏没人问一个有着斯坦福、MIT 背景的天才这些问题。
一个广为人知的故事是,SBF 在和投资人们开视频会,却同时在玩游戏。这本应是个坏兆头,却给红杉资本、贝莱德等留下了“等等,这孩子是谁?天才?”的印象。
(Odaily星球日报注:FTX 累计融资 18 亿美元,资方名单中不限于红杉资本、淡马锡控股、软银愿景基金、加拿大安大略省教师养老基金、老虎环球基金…… 2022 年 1 月,FTX 宣布完成 4 亿美元的 C 轮融资,公司估值升至 320 亿美元。这是 FTX 宣布的最后一轮融资,也是其估值的顶点。)
SBF 有着幸福童年,父母于斯坦福执教(法学教授)。他从小对数学在行,从天才学校一路进入到 MIT,学物理和数学。正如刻板印象中的 nerd,他极度热爱电子游戏。
FTX 组建后,公司文化也是业余时间打打游戏、拍些 TikTok 短视频、偶尔睡办公室加加班,将时代年轻人的气氛拉满。

SBF

公司的另外几位核心成员包括:

  • “绯闻女友”Caroline Ellison,哈利波特狂热书迷,和 SBF“关系复杂”,在 SBF 自称要为了更好的“公益事业”专注于 FTX 后,接手 Alameda Research(SBF 创立的加密做市商/对冲基金/投资机构),成为 CEO;
  • 神秘亚裔联创兼 CTO Gary Wang,详见《FTX 被盗迷踪:神秘的 CTO Gary Wang 是谁?》;
  • FTX 前商业合伙人  Anthony Scaramucci (更响亮的 title 是 Skybridge Capital 创始人),曾购买大量 FTT(2022 年初,FTX 也购买了  SkyBridge Capital 30% 的股份),算是 SBF 的精神导师,在 FTX 的中东和北美筹款之旅中起到不小作用,后投资了  FTX US 前总裁 Brett Harrison 的新加密公司……

在笼络年轻人的同时,SBF 也没放松其“另一面形象”,吸引老钱背书。他不仅登上福布斯封面,在美国国会上代表加密行业对话监管,还是拜登竞选总统背后的第二大金主(在 2022 中期选举中向民主党赞助了 4000 万美元)。

SBF

就是这样一个角色,在不到 2 周的时间内,坠入深渊,被指为“最坏的诈骗犯”。
加密史上充满戏剧性的 10 天
2022 年 11 月 2 日,Alameda Research 称和 FTT(相关金融业务)完全独立,引发怀疑。
6 日, Binance CEO CZ 声称要“抛售”FTT,迅速引发 FUD。

SBF


“当时每个人都在抛售,大家都在跑,也叫身边人快提币。”
看法在金融市场中极其重要,Caroline 和 SBF 轮番发声,安抚情绪,极力证明“我们没事”。

SBF

7 日,“提币-恐慌-挤兑”形成死亡螺旋
SBF 给合作伙伴打电话,说只是流动性问题,没过几个小时,第二通电话来了,“问题比我刚才讲得更严重。”
事后,接受采访的前员工代表,也提前听到过一些关于 FTX 风险的江湖传闻,但只是一笑而过,未引起重视,真面对“无法提现”的页面时,大家也都懵了。
彼时,还有部分内部人士将希望寄托于“卖给币安”。(Odaily星球日报注:CZ 曾提出考虑收购 FTX,后取消。)也正因如此,有加密 KOL 发表观点:“CZ 给他最大的竞争者点了把火,剩下交给市场。”
9 日,很多人来给 SBF 出主意,指导“现在该怎么办”,Anthony 也飞到巴哈马试图救急。但资金严重不足的 FTX 帝国“不过是在几家旗下公司间相互补窟窿”。

SBF


10 日,SBF 开始在社媒抱歉,FTX US 申请弹劾 SBF。
11 日,FTX 彻底倒掉。

SBF


“没人比他更快赔光所有。”
众人推墙
镜头面前,一位投资者小哥表示,将用于住房和子女教育的 210 万美元放进了 FTX。
其他几位 FTX 用户也“平静”诉说着,自己曾经对 FTX 的信任和最终迎来的背叛。
受害者们继而迁移愤怒情绪,责怪社媒和高调站台的明星“操纵了投资者的想法,影响了我的投资决定”“百万代言费给退吗?来还我血汗钱”。
只不过,话题一到“怎么就没人提前发现”,便语焉不详,相互指摘。
有媒体称,FTX 的欺诈行为十分经典,概括为“挪用客户资金,为其所用”。
随着相关调查推进,有文件指出“Alameda Research 未经审计”,报告中甚至出现了“such is life”这样的摆烂说辞。另一份证据显示,3 年前,FTX 曾支付了 330 万美元给某位告发 FTX 欺诈和洗钱的人,贿赂其静默。
而 FTX 曾经重金笼络的政客明星纷纷割席,共和党代表否认部分竞选捐赠资金的来源,并称 FTX 也向自由党支持了同等金额。
2022 年 12 月 12 日,SBF 被巴哈马警方逮捕,一位加密 KOL 在直播中称:“我人生中最开心的两个时刻,lost my virginity 和 SBF 被逮捕。”

SBF


随后则是漫长反复的调查、重组、立案、引渡相关高管、和关联企业各执一词的扯皮、申请封存“最亲密的朋友”Caroline 的日记(不被作为刑事审判的证据利用)、临时释放、抱歉与不忿……
错综的事实背后还掺搅着复杂的人性。
当镜头摇向巴哈马居民,也有人给出了不同的评价。
一位给 FTX 事件创作歌曲的大叔表示,(FTX)的确在公益事业方面,为当地的儿童带来了生活质量的提升。也有记者评价,抛开经营方面的败笔,SBF 算是“当代罗宾汉”。

SBF


但更多公益机构称,并没有收到 FTX 的捐赠,猜测“或许拨款顺序是按照能给 FTX 带来多大的声誉排位”。
而无论评价如何,事实是,目前仍有 17 亿美元的用户资金未被找回。
如果我做过很多好事,但打破了几个小规则呢?
SBF 在事件后的采访中(BBC 给了个抖腿特写)反复强调,不认为自己是欺诈者,会竭尽全力赔付受害者,并否认 FTX 和 Alameda 间存在后门。(Odaily星球日报注:然而,今年 9 月 12 日,法庭文件证实 Alameda 账号在 FTX 拥有特殊权限,账号之一不会被清算。)

SBF


待到今年 1 月,SBF 面对采访时则自信不足、眼神躲闪,一个像极做错事的孩子的抬头莞尔甚至成了社区的 meme 图素材。

SBF


加密视频博主 Tiffany Fong 在 FTX 事件前从未采访过这样咖位的名人。
SBF 短暂的居家候审期间,Tiffany 来到加利福尼亚 SBF 父母的家中。房子被围栏圈起,SBF 戴着电子脚镣,SBF 偶尔和来访谈的记者下下棋,更多时间是“感受孤独”——在狱中时玩玩数独,回到家中刷刷 Netflix 的动画剧集《Inside Job,阴谋职场》。
聊完那些罪与责,Tiffany 甚至产生一丝怀疑,SBF 会不会是无辜的?

SBF


今年 8 月,SBF 被要求禁止见证人。
入文初所言, 10 月,将迎来对于 FTX 案件最重要的审判。
至于整个加密行业,今天,监管仍在努力寻找合规之道,大批专业人士为此奔波争取,也有人认为,Crypto 就像是伊甸园的蛇,引诱人犯下原罪,而 FTX 不过是罪恶露出海面的一角冰山。

SBF



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