一览Top 12比特币现货和期货ETF

MarsBitPublished on 2023-09-23Last updated on 2023-09-25

Abstract

随着全球越来越多的 ETF 和 ETP 出现,投资工具持有的比特币数量每年都在上升。

比特币 ETF 一直是加密领域最受期待的发展之一。
虽然比特币 ETF 已经在加拿大、巴西和欧洲等国家进行交易,但美国市场的现货比特币 ETF 仍然面临监管障碍。不过,在美国有几只受欢迎的基于期货的 ETF,还有多只现货 ETF 的申请正在等待 SEC 的批准。
ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF 是第一个在美国主要交易所交易的比特币 ETF,其于 2021 年第四季度推出——当时正值牛市高点。目前该 ETF 持有 35, 890 枚比特币,是该领域历史最悠久、规模最大的基金。排名前 12 位的比特币 ETF 中有 2 只(持有资产占比特币 ETF 的 16.6% )由 ProShares 管理,可在美国交易。
随着全球越来越多的 ETF 和 ETP 出现,投资工具持有的比特币数量每年都在上升。总的来说,排名前 12 位的比特币 ETF 持有 102, 619 枚比特币,略低于比特币总量(2100 万枚)的 0.5% 。由于 ETF 定期重新平衡,其持有的比特币数量跟随币价变化。ETF 重新平衡的频率可以从每天到每年不等。例如, Purpose Bitcoin ETF(BTCC)每月重新平衡一次,而标普 500 指数(S&P 500)每季度重新平衡一次。
Top 12 比特币现货和期货 ETF 都有谁?
可交易的 Top 12 比特币现货和期货 ETF 如下:
美国以外的比特币 ETF
实际上,有几个国家已经先于美国批准了直接投资比特币的 ETF,其中排名居前的现货比特币 ETF 包括:

  • Purpose Bitcoin ETF(BTCC)

Purpose Bitcoin ETF 于 2021 年 2 月推出,是北美第一个现货比特币 ETF。截至 2023 年 9 月,它目前持有超过 25, 000 枚比特币。该 ETF 在多伦多证券交易所交易,一直非常受欢迎,资管规模超过 11 亿美元。

  • 3 iQ CoinShares Bitcoin ETF(BTCQ)

这是另一只加拿大比特币 ETF,也在多伦多证券交易所交易,截至 2023 年 9 月持有超过 21, 000 枚比特币。

  • QBTC 11 by QR Asset Management(QBTC 11)

拉丁美洲首只比特币 ETF 于 2021 年 6 月在巴西证券交易所推出。截至 2023 年 9 月,QBTC 11 ETF 目前持有 727 枚比特币。
这些比特币 ETF 的成功显示了强劲的投资者需求。与此同时,相对于比特币约 1 万亿美元的市值,ETF 的规模无疑还有很大上升空间。这也可能表明,美国现货 ETF 一旦推出,比特币价格将有大幅增长空间。
美国现货比特币 ETF 现状如何?
虽然比特币期货 ETF 在美国已经存在,但现货比特币 ETF 的前景仍不明朗。美国缺乏现货 ETF 的主要原因之一是监管方面的担忧。SEC 多次拒绝了比特币现货 ETF 的申请,理由是担心比特币市场的流动性、托管以及价格操纵的可能性。
然而,最近来自全球资产管理公司的多份申请已在《联邦公报》(Federal Register)上公布,向最终批准又迈进了一步。其中一些已被正式接受审查,并开启为期三周的评论期。
哪些公司已经在美国申请现货比特币 ETF?
以下公司已在美国申请现货比特币 ETF:
贝莱德( BlackRock ), 2023 年 7 月
WisdomTree , 2023 年 7 月
Invesco/ Galaxy , 2023 年 7 月
Valkyrie , 2023 年 6 月
除此之外,其他拥有现有期货 ETF 的大型公司也加入了重新提交美国首只现货 ETF 申请的行列,其中包括  VanEck  和富达( Fidelity )。申请被拒绝后尚未重新提交的公司包括 Global X、Kryptoin 和 First Trust。
另一家资产管理公司 Grayscale(灰度)目前正在等待联邦上诉法院做出裁决后,对其将比特币信托转换为 ETF 的申请进行审查。灰度比特币信托(GBTC)是目前最大的比特币 ETP,持有 623, 645 枚比特币。裁决称,SEC 没有提供足够的信息,说明为什么 Grayscale 的申请与其他已获批的期货 ETF 没有“实质性相似”——未能让法官相信,对投资者而言,现货市场不如期货市场安全。
一些表现不俗的期货 ETF
尽管许多人预计,期货 ETF 的推出将加大批准现货 ETF 的压力,但迄今几乎没有迹象表明这一点。
自 2021 年 10 月以来已经推出了几只主要的比特币期货 ETF,但它们积累的资产规模小于加拿大和巴西的 ETF。期货 ETF 的表现也不及比特币价格,这让人们对其有效性产生了怀疑。主要的期货 ETF 包括:

  • ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF(BITO)

该 ETF 持有 7178 份 CME 合约,相当于超过 38, 000 枚比特币。截至 2023 年 9 月,该 ETF 资管规模略低于 10 亿美元。

  • ProShares Short Bitcoin ETF(BITI)

这是 ProShares 的第二只 ETF 产品,持有 564 份 CME 合约,相当于 2820 枚比特币。

  • VanEck Bitcoin Strategy ETF(XBTF)

该 ETF 持有 320 份 CME 合约,相当于 1600 枚比特币。
美国现货比特币 ETF 对市场影响几何?
如果现货比特币 ETF 最终获得批准,它可能会对比特币和加密市场产生重大影响,原因如下:

  • 主流敞口:现货 ETF 将以前所未有的方式,通过退休账户和经纪账户向数千万新投资者提供比特币敞口。
  • 增加合法性:SEC 的批准将增加比特币的合法性,并减少机构投资者和顾问对比特币作为可投资资产类别的质疑。
  • 积极的价格效应:加拿大和巴西 ETF 推出之后,便迎来了 2021 年比特币价格大幅上涨。美国的现货 ETF 推出同样可能会激发投资者的兴趣,从而引发类似的牛市。

虽然目前还不清楚 SEC 何时可能批准现货比特币 ETF,但海外比特币 ETF 的推出以及最近在《联邦公报》上公布的各项申请突显了有关这些产品的有利监管势头。
注:本研究评估了 2023 年全球比特币 ETF 现货和期货的可用性。数据收集自 BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com(现货 ETF)和福布斯(期货 ETF)。
只有仅交易比特币或比特币期货的 ETF 被列入最终名单。因此,所有 ETP、信托和交易区块链相关股票或其他加密货币的 ETF 都不包括在内。本研究仅供说明和提供信息,并非财务建议。DYOR。

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