BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Path for BSC

marsbitPublished on 2026-05-18Last updated on 2026-05-18

Abstract

BNB Chain, a leading Layer-1 blockchain ecosystem, has released a research report exploring the potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain (BSC) to post-quantum cryptography. The study evaluates replacing traditional cryptographic systems with quantum-resistant alternatives, specifically examining the use of ML-DSA-44 for transaction signing and pqSTARK for aggregating validator consensus signatures. While quantum computers are not currently a practical threat to existing blockchain cryptography, the research represents a proactive effort to ensure long-term network security and infrastructure resilience. The report assessed several core areas of the BSC tech stack, including post-quantum transaction signing, validator signature aggregation, transaction validation, public key storage, and network performance under increased data loads. A key finding is that achieving post-quantum readiness is technically feasible today but requires significant trade-offs in scalability. Test data indicates: • Transaction size would increase from ~110 bytes to ~2.5 kilobytes. • Block size would grow from ~110 kilobytes to ~2 megabytes. • Native transfer TPS would decrease from 4,973 to 2,997. The primary performance bottleneck is not signature verification itself, but the increased network transmission overhead caused by larger transaction and block sizes. Conversely, the pqSTARK aggregation technology proved highly efficient, compressing validator signatures by an approximately 43:1 rati...

BNB Chain, a leading global Layer1 blockchain ecosystem, has released a new research report aimed at assessing how the BNB Smart Chain can migrate its core cryptographic system to post-quantum (quantum-resistant) alternatives in the future. The report explores the specific implementation paths and performance impacts of replacing traditional blockchain cryptography with quantum-resistant methods, including adopting ML-DSA-44 as a transaction signature scheme and using pqSTARK for aggregating validator consensus signatures.

Although quantum computing has not yet been able to practically break the cryptography of production-level blockchains in real-world systems, this research reflects a forward-looking approach to infrastructure resilience and long-term network security. The report evaluates several core areas of the BSC technology stack, including:

· Post-quantum transaction signature schemes

· Validator signature aggregation

· Transaction verification process

· Public key storage schemes

· Cross-regional network performance under increased data load

One of the key findings is that, technically, achieving post-quantum readiness is currently feasible, but it requires significant trade-offs in scalability. Test data shows:

· Transaction size increased from approximately 110 bytes to about 2.5 kilobytes

· Block size increased from approximately 110 kilobytes to about 2 megabytes

· Native transfer TPS decreased from 4,973 to 2,997

The report points out that the main performance bottleneck is not the signature verification itself, but rather the increased overhead in cross-regional network transmission caused by the larger transaction and block sizes.

Meanwhile, pqSTARK aggregation technology has proven to remain efficient. Validator signatures were compressed at a ratio of approximately 43:1, which helps keep consensus layer overhead manageable despite increased signature sizes.

The report also notes that post-quantum alternatives for several areas, including P2P handshakes and KZG commitments, were not covered in this evaluation. Migrating these areas requires broader ecosystem coordination and further research.

BNB Chain emphasizes that this work is intended as a research and evaluation exploration, not a response to any imminent security threats. The full report can be accessed by clicking here.

About BNB Chain

BNB Chain is one of the world's largest and most active blockchain ecosystems, supported by a global community of developers and users. With high throughput, low transaction costs, and full compatibility with EVM, BNB Chain provides scalable application support for finance, gaming, and the broader Web3 economy.

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3.6k Total ViewsPublished 2025.03.26Updated 2025.03.26

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